Study of Burning Behaviors and Fire Risk of Flame Retardant Plywood by Cone Calorimeter and TG Test

Luo, Zhongyou; Li, Lifen; Xi, Xuedong; Wu, Zhigang; Zhang, Bengang

doi:10.32604/jrm.2021.016092

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Tape RE lowered the OI slightly, to 26.1%. All wood samples had a very similar OI, which corresponds with the literature values for different kinds of wood 28–30 . The char layer builds up on taped samples as well and there is no delamination.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Fire behavior of pressure‐sensitive adhesive tapes and bonded materials

Hupp,

Schartel,

Flothmeier

et al. 2023

Fire and Materials

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Pressure‐sensitive adhesive tapes are used in several industrial applications such as construction, railway vehicles and the automotive sector, where the burning behavior is of crucial importance. Flame retarded adhesive tapes are developed and provided, however, often without considering the interaction of adhesive tapes and the bonded materials during burning nor the contribution of the tapes to fire protection goal of the bonded components in distinct fire tests. This publication delivers an empirical comprehensive knowledge how adhesive tapes and their flame retardancy effect the burning behavior of bonded materials. With a special focus on the interaction between the single components, one flame retarded tape and one tape without flame retardant are examined in scenarios of emerging and developing fires, along with their bonds with the common materials wood, zinc‐plated steel, mineral wool, polycarbonate, and polymethylmethacrylate. The flame retardant significantly improved the flame retardancy of the tape as a free‐standing object and yielded a V‐2 rating in UL 94 vertical test and raised the Oxygen Index by 5 vol.%. In bonds, or rather laminates, the investigations prove that the choice of carrier and substrates are the factors with the greatest impact on the fire properties and can change the peak of heat release rate and the maximum average rate of heat emission up to 25%. This research yielded a good empirical overall understanding of the fire behavior of adhesive tapes and bonded materials. Thus, it serves as a guide for tape manufacturers and applicants to develop tapes and bonds more substrate specific.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…All wood samples had a very similar OI, which corresponds with the literature values for different kinds of wood. [28][29][30] The char layer builds up on taped samples as well and there is no delamination. For PC, the taped samples started to delaminate during the burning process.…”

Section: Glued Laminatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire behavior of pressure‐sensitive adhesive tapes and bonded materials

Hupp,

Schartel,

Flothmeier

et al. 2023

Fire and Materials

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“…For the pure soybean protein isolate-based adhesive, the absorption peaks at 3288~3421 cm −1 are caused by -NH and -OH stretching vibrations [ 41 ], and the peak at 2959 cm −1 belongs to methylene -CH 2 in TR [ 42 ]. The typical amide I (C=O), II (N-H), and III (C-N and N-H) bonds in the SPI structure correspond to the peak of 1656, 1520, and 1234 cm −1 , respectively [ 43 , 44 ]. The peaks at 1076 cm −1 are attributed to C-O stretching vibrations, and COO- stretching vibrations were observed at 1392 cm −1 [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Soybean Protein Adhesives Modified with an Environmental-Friendly Tannin-Based Resin

Wang

Xie

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Soybean protein-based adhesives are limited in their application due to their poor wet bonding strength and poor water resistance. Herein, we prepared a novel, environmentally friendly soybean protein-based adhesive by adding tannin-based resin (TR) to improve the performance of water resistance and wet bonding strength. The active sites of TR reacted with the soybean protein and its functional groups and formed strong cross-linked network structures, which improved the cross-link density of the adhesives and then improved the water resistance. The residual rate increased to 81.06% when 20 wt%TR was added, and the water resistance bonding strength reached 1.07 MPa, which fully met the Chinese national requirements for plywood (Class II, ≥0.7 MPa). SEM observations were performed on the fracture surfaces of all modified SPI adhesives after curing. The modified adhesive has a denser and smooth cross-section. Based on the TG and DTG plots, the thermal stability performance of the TR-modified SPI adhesive was improved when TR was added. The total weight loss of the adhesive decreased from 65.13% to 58.87%. This study provides a method for preparing low-cost and high-performance, environmentally friendly adhesives.

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“…The ignite time of lumber was almost directly proportional to the lumber density, heat release rate, effective heat combustion, and the total heat released, which all had two wave crests. Yu 21 studied the burning behaviors and fire risk of flame retardant plywood by cone calorimeter and TG test, and the results indicate that the treated plywood has a lower fire growth index and higher fire performance index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the combustion properties of four common engineered bamboo and wood composites

Cui,

Xu,

Tang

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Engineered bamboo and wood composites are increasingly utilized in construction due to their eco‐friendly, low‐carbon footprint, and superior mechanical properties. To investigate the effect of heat flux and grain direction on the combustion properties of parallel strand bamboo (PSB), laminated veneer bamboo (LVB), cross‐laminated timber (CLT), and laminated veneer lumber (LVL), a total of 54 specimens in 3 groups were tested through a cone calorimeter. Parameters including the ignition time, heat release rate, mass loss rate, and smoke production rate were investigated. The analytic hierarchy process method was adopted for a multi‐level, qualitative, and quantitative comprehensive fire risk assessment of the corresponding structural materials. The test results reveal that PSB and LVB demonstrated superior performance to the CLT and LVL through the comparison of four combustion characteristics parameters, despite their drawbacks and virtues. The heat flux increases in inverse proportion to the ignition time. As for the heat release rate, the larger peak value is accompanied by an earlier appearance, along with the greater average mass loss rate and the lower smoke rate of engineered bamboo. The peak heat release rate of engineered bamboo composites parallel to the grain is larger than that perpendicular to the grain, whereas other parameters are not significantly influenced by the grain direction. Compared with engineered wood, engineered bamboo composites have the potential to be a safer and more reliable building material in terms of fire risk assessment.Highlights Cone calorimeter was used to analyze the combustion properties of materials. PSB, LVB, CLT, and LVL were studied considering different grain directions. Analytic hierarchy process method was adopted for a fire risk assessment. Engineered bamboo has the potential to be a reliable building material.

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Study of Burning Behaviors and Fire Risk of Flame Retardant Plywood by Cone Calorimeter and TG Test

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Fire behavior of pressure‐sensitive adhesive tapes and bonded materials

Fire behavior of pressure‐sensitive adhesive tapes and bonded materials

Preparation and Characterization of Soybean Protein Adhesives Modified with an Environmental-Friendly Tannin-Based Resin

Experimental study on the combustion properties of four common engineered bamboo and wood composites

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