Study of Bone Regeneration and Osteointegration Effect of a Novel Selective Laser-Melted Titanium-Tantalum-Niobium-Zirconium Alloy Scaffold

Abstract

Titanium-tantalum-niobium-zirconium (Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr) alloy is a novel material currently available for orthopedic applications. However, these scaffolds, manufactured using traditional methods, present disadvantages such as irregular pore size, unsuitable mechanical features, and poor connectivity between pores. In this study, porous Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr (60% Ti, 2% Ta, 36% Nb, and 2% Zr) scaffolds were printed by selective laser melting (SLM) with a controllable pore size of 300–400 μm. The mechanical properties of the SLM-manufactured scaffolds were evaluated, as well as its osteogenesis in vitro and osteointegration in vivo. Porous Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr scaffolds yielded superior cell proliferation and cell adhesion results with human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) compared with porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds. The osteogenic differentiation experiment demonstrated enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in the Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr group than in the Ti6Al4V group. After the porous Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr or control scaffolds were implanted into a cylindrical bone defect in the rabbit lateral femoral condyle, the initial radiological results confirmed the excellent osteogenic activity of the novel 3D-printed scaffolds. Histological analysis further indicated that the Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr scaffolds promoted bone regeneration and osteointegration more effectively than Ti6Al4V scaffolds. Our findings demonstrate that the SLM-manufactured porous Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr scaffold has considerable potential for clinical orthopedic application.

Mediation of mechanically adapted TiCu/TiCuN/CFR-PEEK implants in vascular regeneration to promote bone repair in vitro and in vivo

“…The elastic modulus of normal human cortical bone is 20 ​GPa, whereas those of Ti–6Al–4V and CoCrMo alloys are approximately 155 and 210 ​GPa, respectively. This excessive difference in the elastic modulus produces a stress shielding effect, accelerates bone loss, and causes prosthesis failure [ 8 ]. Ti–6Al–4V and CoCrMo alloys are both inert metals that can provide only mechanical support; they are unable to promote bone regeneration.…”

“…They exhibit inferior performance in reconstructing large, complex bone defects in patients. Patients develop serious complications, such as bedsores, pneumonia, and deep vein thromboses, owing to a long recovery time [ 8 ]. Therefore, the development of alternative materials is urgently required to effectively surpass the limitations to satisfy growing clinical needs.…”

3D Printing of Micro- and Nanoscale Bone Substitutes: A Review on Technical and Translational Perspectives

“…ADSCs exhibited higher differentiation capacities compared to BMSCs. [ 65 ] SLM A wide range of metals can be used, post-treatments reduced Not suitable for well-controlled composite materials, high laser power required Titanium-tantalum-niobium-zirconium (Ti-TaNb-Zr) alloy Repair cylindrical bone defect of the lateral femoral condyle Human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were culture with porous Ti-TaNb-Zr Porous Ti-TaNb-Zr scaffold was implanted into the cylindrical bone defect of the lateral femoral condyle in white rabbit – Porous Ti-TaNb-Zr scaffold enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation and promoted osteogenic activity to repair defective bone [ 263 ] Ti64 titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) Cortical bone defect – Porous titanium scaffolds were implanted into the segmental bone defect of male Wistar rats – Porous titanium scaffold exhibited high mechanical property to repair the cortical bone defect [ 264 ] Iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) Scaffold material for bone repair MG-63 cells were cultured with Fe-Mn scaffold to check cytocompatibility of material – – Fe-Mn scaffold exhibited beneficial physical and mechanical properties such as high porosity, rapid degradation, and good cytocompatibility. [ 265 ] Photopolymerization SLA Mature; stable printing process; fast printing speed; high resolution The limitations of using materials; high cost Acrylate photopolymer RP model for right shoulder injury – – – The model offers surgeons an extensive look at the type of injuries sustained, superior to scans [ 253 ] Fumarate polypropylene (PPF) Skull defects – Scaffolds were implanted into rat...…”

Comparative Study of Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility (L929 and MG63 Cells) of TiN Coatings Obtained by Plasma Nitriding and Thin Film Deposition

“…The surface of a biomaterial plays a complex role in terms of biological interactions with the human body. Therefore, the use of biocompatible materials such as Ti6Al4V without any surface modification has some disadvantages, such as low shear resistance, low wear resistance, low wettability, release of aluminum and vanadium ions that are harmful to the human body, and lack of bioactivity. − In addition, the residues from shearing and/or wear can release toxic components that cause inflammation and can drastically decrease the lifespan of a prosthesis . Many methods have been used for modifying titanium surfaces in biomedical applications, including deposition of thin films and growth of oxides, carbides, and nitrides, which will improve biocompatibility properties. , …”