Study of a Beta-Alumina Electrolyte for Sodium-Sulfur Battery

Abstract

The structural properties of sodium aluminates (beta‐aluminas) as ionic conductors have been studied. The Al2O3 ‐diagram for Al2O3 above 84 mole per cent between 1100° and 1600° is described. The fabrication of closedend tubes (for use as battery electrolyte) by electrophoretic deposition is shown to give a useful and reproducible product. Finally, the physical and electrical properties of sodium‐conducting ceramics prepared in this way are evaluated.

A review on recent approaches for designing the SEI layer on sodium metal anodes

“…The beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) has been applied widely to HT Na–S batteries owing to its high sodium ion conductivity of 0.1 S cm −1 . 140 However, the HT Na–S batteries pose some shortcomings: (1) a large amount of external energy is required for maintaining the high temperature, (2) high cost for manufacturing complicated systems, (3) safety concerns arising from the use of liquid sodium, and (4) relatively lower theoretical specific capacity because only high-order sodium polysulfides are utilized (557 mA h g −1 ). As a result, RT Na–S batteries have emerged for utilizing its high specific capacity (1675 mA h g −1 ) under safe conditions.…”

Na-β Alumina powder processing by a Na2CO3 precipitation method

“…It may be concluded that with compositions greater than 14 tool% Na20 the relative density is greater than 90%. From this and considering the beta-alumina region between 10.5 and 15.8 mol% Na20 [6] the composition of 15 mol% Na2CO 3 was the other chosen to be studied in this paper. 2.6.…”

“…According to the Na2 O-A1203 phase diagram proposed by J. Fally et al [6], ~ + [3"" coexist in a region corresponding to the formula Na20nA1203 (5.33 < n -< 8.5).…”

Can a Coating Mitigate Molten Na Dendrite Growth in NaSICON Under High Current Density?

“…Electrochemical energy storage has been at the forefront of energy storage since the commercialization of the Li-ion battery by Sony in 1991 . Since then, many electrochemical energy storage solutions have been explored utilizing alkali metals such as lithium and sodium (Na). − For long duration, grid-scale energy storage, Na-based batteries are of particular interest due to the vast presence of sodium resources worldwide, and their resultant low cost for high-capacity batteries. − Na–sulfur (Na–S) and ZEBRA battery technologies were the earliest to take advantage of high-capacity liquid Na electrodes (1166 mA h g –1 ) by utilizing the β″-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) and coupling with a cathode of sulfur (Na–S) or a mixture of NiCl 2 in a NaAlCl 4 molten salt (ZEBRA). − However, the reduced ionic conductivity of BASE and precipitation of solid phases in the positive electrode (Na–S) below 250 °C necessitate high operating temperatures. , These high operating temperatures substantially increase the cost of battery sealants, wiring, and insulation. , …”