Study Genetic Variation Using DNA Molecular Markers and Identification Physiological Races of Wheat Stripe (yellow) Rust Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici during 2010-2014 in Some Regions of Syria

Abstract

Yellow Rust (stripe) rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici) is one of the most epidemic diseases infect wheat in cold and wet regions. In 1988, this disease caused a loss of seasonal production amounted 70% on wheat variety Mexipak in Syria, and recurrent infection in 2010, caused by a virulent race called Yr27, caused a considerable loss in the production of bread wheat cultivars (Cham 8, Cham 6 particularly) amounted 90%. Recently, 15 races of yellow rust had been addressed in Syria for seasons 2010-2014; 159E256, 166E254, 166E256, 255 E112, 0 E0, 64 E 6, 230 E150, 0 E 18, 198 E130, 166 E150, 102 E160, 128 E0, 126 E150, 214E150, and 6E16. The race 6E16 was the most frequent during the two seasons, while the race 255E112 was the most virulent, followed by the race 230E222 and the race 0E0 was the weakest one. This study revealed the presence of fourteen newly observed races in Syria. Molecular Variance Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) of 55 yellow rust Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici isolates examined by Amplify Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) revealed high genetic variation within population, and the dimensional scale analysis (MSD) and tree diagram showed that the Syrian yellow rust isolates were clustered in three groups: the first group contained isolates derived from durum wheat, the second one contained bread wheat isolates, but the third was made of isolates derived from both durum and bread wheat species.