Study concerning the recovery of zinc and manganese from spent batteries by hydrometallurgical processes

Buzatu, Traian; Popescu, Gabriela; Birloaga, Ionela; Săceanu, Simona

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.10.005

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Alternatively, the carbon rod can be used as reduction materials [9]. For electrolyte, it can be treated by leaching or electrolysis to recycle the manganese [2,11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of hydrometallurgy process, different acidic solutions were used to dissolve metals, then the leaching solutions were electrodeposited or precipitated to recover different metals http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.01.014 1383-5866/Ó 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [9][10][11][12]. Inevitably, various chemicals are heavily consumed and wastewater discharged may cause secondary pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of zinc nano structured particles from spent zinc manganese batteries by vacuum separation and inert gas condensation

Xiang

Xia

Zhan

et al. 2015

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…Alternatively, the carbon rod can be used as reduction materials [9]. For electrolyte, it can be treated by leaching or electrolysis to recycle the manganese [2,11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of zinc nano structured particles from spent zinc manganese batteries by vacuum separation and inert gas condensation

Xiang

Xia

Zhan

et al. 2015

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…Farklı zamanlarda çözeltiden örnekler alınarak çözünerek çözeltiye geçmiş olan çinko miktarı kompleksometrik titrasyon yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Çözeltiye geçmiş olan ve pil tozundaki çinko miktarları arasındaki orandan çinkonun çözünme kesri hesaplanmıştır (Buzatu et al 2013, Demirkıran 2015. Deneylerde çözücü konsantrasyonu, reaksiyon sıcaklığı, katı/sıvı oranı, ortalama tanecik boyutu ve karıştırma hızının çinko pil tozun çözünmesi üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir.…”

Section: Metotunclassified

Investigation of Dissolution of Zinc Powder Obtained Waste Alkaline Battery in Sodium Hydroxide Solutions

Özdemir¹,

Demirkıran²

2016

AKU-J. Sci. Eng.

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Atık pillerin metal içerikleri metalürjik yöntemler yardımıyla geri kazanılabilir. Bu yöntemlerden birisi\ud hidrometalurjik metottur ve sulu çözeltilerde kimyasal reaksiyonlar yardımıyla metal, metal tuzları ve\ud bileşiklerinin üretimini kapsar. Metodun ilk aşaması katı sıvı kütle transferini içeren liç prosesidir. Liç\ud işleminde katı madde bir çözücü ile çözündürülür ve metal değerler çözelti ortamına transfer edilir. Bu\ud çalışmada, atık alkali pillerdeki çinko pil tozunun sodyum hidroksit çözeltilerindeki çözünürlüğü\ud incelenmiştir. Deneylerde pil tozunun çözünürlüğü üzerine çözelti derişimi, reaksiyon sıcaklığı, katı\ud tanecik boyutu, katı/sıvı oranı ve karıştırma hızının etkileri araştırılmıştır. Derişim, sıcaklık ve karıştırma\ud hızının artmasıyla, katı/sıvı oranı ve katı tanecik boyutunun ise azalmasıyla çözünürlüğün arttığı tespit\ud edilmiştir. Elde edilen deneysel bulgulara göre, diğer parametrelere nazaran reaksiyon sıcaklığı ve\ud çözelti derişiminin çinko tozun çözünürlüğü üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Çözelti\ud derişimi 0,5 mol/L iken 120 dakikalık liç süresinden sonra pil tozundaki çinkonun %19’unun çözündüğü,\ud derişim 2,5 mol/L değerine arttırıldığında ise sadece 20 dakikalık liç süresinde çinkonun %99’unun\ud çözündüğü belirlenmiştir. Sıcaklık 20 °C den 60 °C’ye yükseldiğinde sırasıyla 120 dakika ve 30 dakika liç\ud süresinden sonra pil tozundaki çinkonun çözünürlüğünün %96,7 ve %98,3 olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Metal contents of waste batteries can be recovered by metallurgical methods. One of these methods is\ud hydrometallurgical route, and it involves the production of metal, metalsalts and compounds by means\ud of chemical reactions in aqueous solutions. First step of hydrometallurgy is leaching process containing\ud a solid to liquid mass transfer. In the leaching process,solid material is dissolved by a solvent, and metal\ud values are transferred into solution medium. In thisstudy, it wasinvestigated dissolution ofzinc powder\ud in waste alkaline batteries in sodium hydroxide solutions. In the experiments, the effects of solution\ud concentration, reaction temperature, particle size of solid, solid to liquid ratio, and stirring speed on\ud dissolution of battery powder were studied. It wasfound that the dissolution increased with an increase\ud in concentration, reaction temperature and stirring speed, and with a decrease solid‐to‐liquid ratio and\ud in particle size. According to the experimental results obtained, it can be said that the reaction rate and\ud solution concentration compared to other parameters have an important effect on dissolution of zinc\ud powder. At a solution concentration of 0,5 mol/L, it was determined that 19% of zinc in battery powder\ud dissolved after 120 min of leaching time, while at a concentration of 2,5 mol/L, 99% of zinc dissolved\ud only after 20 min of leaching time. It was found that the extent of leaching of zinc in battery powder\ud was 96,7% to 98,3% when the temperature rose from 20 °C to 60 °C after 120 min and ...

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“…To avoid iron solubilization neutral or alkaline media can be applied. Processes using alkaline leaching with very high NaOH concentration for zinc recovery from batteries were studied (Buzatu et al, 2013;Shin et al, 2009), where about 80% of zinc was selectively leached. However, this alternative presents technical problems due to high soda consumption and also to the corrosive and viscous characteristics of liquors produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective process of zinc extraction from spent Zn–MnO2 batteries by ammonium chloride leaching

Nogueira

Margarido²

2015

Hydrometallurgy

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Recycling of spent Zn-MnO 2 batteries by hydrometallurgy is usually carried out by leaching in acid media, mainly with sulphuric acid solutions. Another type of leachant was used in this work, specifically solutions of concentrated ammonium chloride. The development of this study has relied on the prediction of the chemical behavior of the constituting phases based on data obtained from theoretical and experimental equilibrium values. The assessment of the effects of factors on leaching efficiency was also done. It was concluded that about 70% of zinc, as ZnO, can be selectively extracted using this media, under optimized conditions such as 4-5 M NH 4 Cl, 90-100°C and 4 h, the remaining zinc namely that corresponding to the spinel form ZnO·Mn 2 O 3 being insoluble. All other manganese species were also almost insoluble, besides iron, holding up that ammonium chloride leaching is a very selective process for zinc recovery from batteries. The factors temperature, leachant concentration and time are indicate to be very significant in leaching, while stirring velocity was less relevant. The apparent activation energy was calculated based on the initial velocity differential method and the value achieved (5.7 ± 0.7 kcal mol −1 ) showed a mixed control process. This indicates that, although the surface chemical reaction is still playing an important role in the leaching mechanism, the contribution of diffusion phenomena shall not be disregarded at all.

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Study concerning the recovery of zinc and manganese from spent batteries by hydrometallurgical processes

Cited by 70 publications

References 7 publications

Preparation of zinc nano structured particles from spent zinc manganese batteries by vacuum separation and inert gas condensation

Preparation of zinc nano structured particles from spent zinc manganese batteries by vacuum separation and inert gas condensation

Investigation of Dissolution of Zinc Powder Obtained Waste Alkaline Battery in Sodium Hydroxide Solutions

Selective process of zinc extraction from spent Zn–MnO2 batteries by ammonium chloride leaching

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