“…Recently, some alternative techniques like an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [21,22], fluorimetry [23], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [24] have been employed for the rapid, selective analysis of neonicotinoid containing samples of different origins. Electroanalytical methods such as differential-pulse polarography (DPP) [25], square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) [26]), have also been published on the determination of imidacloprid, in commercial formulations and spiked river water samples. A current publication [27] described the on line photochemical transformation of imidacloprid, allowing the highly sensitive and selective, indirect determination of the parent compound and its stable degradation products, using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.…”