Three polymorphic phases of Xaliproden are evidenced through thermal analysis: Form II has an orthorhombic symmetry while Forms I and III have monoclinic unit cells. Structural characterizations of Xaliproden are carried out by means of single-crystal and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as high-resolution solid-state 13 C cross-polarization at magic angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Diffraction crystallography indicates that the structures of two of the polymorphs are highly similar despite different thermal events observed by thermal analysis. Further X-13 C (X = 1 H or 19 F) CPMAS NMR spectra, recorded under either 1 H or double-resonance 1 H/ 19 F decoupling, provide evidence for the occurrence of 19 F self-decoupling in Form III, indicating that the structural disorder observed in the X-ray diagram is dynamic, with rotation of the CF 3 group around the C-C single bond. The results show that polymorphism between Xaliproden Forms I and III mostly deals with the degree of freedom of the CF 3 group, higher in Forms III than in Form I and clarifies the status of Form III that can therefore be assigned to a well-defined polymorph of Xaliproden.