Studies towards hcTnI Immunodetection Using Electrochemical Approaches Based on Magnetic Microbeads

Abstract

Different electrochemical strategies based on the use of magnetic beads are described in this work for the detection of human cardiac troponin I (hcTnI). hcTnI is also known as the gold standard for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis according to the different guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC). Amperometric and voltamperometric sandwich magnetoimmunoassays were developed by biofunctionalization of paramagnetic beads with specific antibodies. These bioconjugates were combined with biotinylated antibodies as detection antibodies, with the aim of testing different electrochemical transduction principles. Streptavidin labeled with horseradish peroxidase was used for the amperometric magnetoimmunoassay, reaching a detectability of 0.005 ± 0.002 µg mL−1 in 30 min. Cadmium quantum dots-streptavidin bioconjugates were used in the case of the voltamperometric immunosensor reaching a detectability of 0.023 ± 0.014 µg mL−1.

A multiplexed immunochemical microarray for the determination of cardiovascular disease biomarkers

“…Recently, we have reported the development of antibodies and an ELISA for NT-proBNP biomarker using competitive immunoassay format [ 25 ]. Moreover, previously, we developed antibodies against cTnI and use them on a sandwich configuration to develop an electrochemical immunosensor [ 24 ]. Immunoreagents were also found available from different sources to set up immunochemical assays to detect the rest of the biomarker targets on a sandwich format (see Fig.…”

“…Polyclonal goat anti-cTnI, native cTnI, and human cardiac H-FABP were provided by Life Diagnostics Inc. (West Chester, PA). As220 was produce in the laboratory by the immunization of the native cTnI [ 24 ]. Human recombinant NT-proBNP and human cardiac troponin I-T-C complex were obtained from Hytest Ltd (Turku, Finland).…”

Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges of Troponin Analysis in the Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Luo et al developed a voltametric aptasensor for cTnI based on a DNA nanotetrahedron (NTH) linked dual-aptamer and magnetic metal organic frameworks (MOFs) of the type Fe 3 O 4 @UiO66 employing differential pulse voltammetry techniques, achieving a wide range of 0.01 to 100 ng/mL and a detection limit of 5.7 pg/mL . Hernández-Albors et al developed amperometric and voltamperometric sandwich magnetoimmunoassays for the detection of cTnI via employing horseradish peroxidase (HRP), supporting rapid detection within 30 min …”

“…68 Hernańdez-Albors et al developed amperometric and voltamperometric sandwich magnetoimmunoassays for the detection of cTnI via employing horseradish peroxidase (HRP), supporting rapid detection within 30 min. 69 Figure 3. Summary of a variety of sensor technologies for cardiac troponin analysis mainly developed over the past two or three years.…”