Studies on ultrastructure and cultivation of microorganisms associated with zebra nematodes

Krecek, R.C.; J., H.; Wet, S.C. de; Henton, M. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00165909

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

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Propionibacterium

Patrick¹,

McDowell²

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Pro.pio.ni.bac.te'ri.um. N.L. n. acidum propionicum propionic aid; L. neut. n. bacterium a small rod; N.L. neut. n. Propionibacterium propionic (acid) bacterium. Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Propionibacteriales / Propionibacteriaceae / Propionibacterium Pleomorphic rods , 0.2–1.5 µm ×, 1–5 µm, often diphtheroid or club‐shaped with one end rounded and the other tapered or pointed; however, cells may be coccoid, bifid, branched, or filamentous with lengths up to 20 μm . Cells may occur singly, in pairs or short chains, in V or Y configurations, or in clumps with “Chinese character” arrangement. Swollen spherical cells resembling sphaeroplasts, up to 5–20 µm in diameter, are formed by some strains. Highly filamentous microcolonies of long, branched, septate or non‐septate filaments may be formed. Gram‐stain‐positive, nonmotile , non‐acid‐fast, non‐sporeforming. Anaerobic‐to‐aerotolerant‐to‐microaerophilic, although some strains can grow aerobically, most grow better anaerobically. Chemo‐organotrophic mostly with complex nutritional requirements, grow in standard complex media : fermentation of sugars, polyhydroxy alcohols , or lactate produced by the fermentative activities of other bacteria (secondary fermentation) and produce large amounts of propionic and acetic acids which is a distinguishing feature of the genus. Lesser amounts of iso‐valeric, formic, succinic, or lactic acids and carbon dioxide are also formed. Generally catalase‐positive. Optimum growth temperature 30–37°C . Colonies on solid media are smooth, convex, or rough. Floccular or granular masses of variable size may be observed in liquid media. White, gray, pink, red, yellow, or orange in color. Cell‐wall peptidoglycan contains either meso ‐ or LL ‐diaminopimelic acid (DAP) as the dibasic amino acid. Tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units [ MK‐9(H 4 )] are the major respiratory quinones. The long‐chain cellular fatty acids are of the straight‐chain saturated, iso‐ and anteiso‐methyl branched types, principally 12‐ and 13‐methyltetradecanoic acids (C 15:0 iso; C 15:0 anteiso); monounsaturated acids may also be present in small amounts. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 57–70. Type species : Propionibacterium freudenreichii van Niel 1928, 162 AL .

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