Phylum XXVI. Actinobacteria phyl. nov.

Goodfellow, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-68233-4_3

Cited by 103 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 5,146 publications

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“…Spore morphology is considered as one of the important characteristic features in actinobacterial identification and it varies among the genus and species [13,41]. Moreover, the results acquired in this study have been outlined in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology [21] and Laboratory manual for identification of actinomycetes [42]. Diversity of actinobacteria in Chesapeake Bay was also reported similar to our mode of observations [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Novel marine actinobacteria from emerald Andaman & Nicobar Islands: a prospective source for industrial and pharmaceutical byproducts

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAndaman and Nicobar Islands situated in the eastern part of Bay of Bengal are one of the distinguished biodiversity hotspot. Even though number of studies carried out on the marine flora and fauna, the studies on actinobacteria from Andaman and Nicobar Islands are meager. The aim of the present study was to screen the actinobacteria for their characterization and identify the potential sources for industrial and pharmaceutical byproducts.ResultsA total of 26 actinobacterial strains were isolated from the marine sediments collected from various sites of Port Blair Bay where no collection has been characterized previously. Isolates were categorized under the genera: Saccharopolyspora, Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis, Streptoverticillium, Microtetraspora, Actinopolyspora, Actinokineospora and Dactylosporangium. Majority of the isolates were found to produce industrially important enzymes such as amylase, protease, gelatinase, lipase, DNase, cellulase, urease and phosphatase, and also exhibited substantial antibacterial activity against human pathogens. 77% of isolates exhibited significant hemolytic activity. Among 26 isolates, three strains (NIOT-VKKMA02, NIOT-VKKMA22 and NIOT-VKKMA26) were found to generate appreciable extent of surfactant, amylase, cellulase and protease enzyme. NIOT-VKKMA02 produced surfactant using kerosene as carbon source and emulsified upto E24–63.6%. Moreover, NIOT-VKKMA02, NIOT-VKKMA22 and NIOT-VKKMA26 synthesized 13.27 U/ml, 9.85 U/ml and 8.03 U/ml amylase; 7.75 U/ml, 5.01 U/ml and 2.08 U/ml of cellulase and 11.34 U/ml, 6.89 U/ml and 3.51 U/ml of protease enzyme, respectively.ConclusionsHigh diversity of marine actinobacteria was isolated and characterized in this work including undescribed species and species not previously reported from emerald Andaman and Nicobar Islands, including Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces venezuelae and Saccharopolyspora salina. The enhanced salt, pH and temperature tolerance of the actinobacterial isolates along with their capacity to secrete commercially valuable primary and secondary metabolites emerges as an attractive feature of these organisms. These results are reported for the first time from these emerald Islands and expand the scope to functionally characterize novel marine actinobacteria and their metabolites for the potential novel molecules of commercial interest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Carbon sources viz., fructose, lactose, starch, dextrose, rhamnose, mannitol, maltose, adonitol, arabinose and raffinose were used in this study. Identification of the isolates was made with reference to Bergey’s manual of Systematic Bacteriology [21] and Waksman [22]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel marine actinobacteria from emerald Andaman & Nicobar Islands: a prospective source for industrial and pharmaceutical byproducts

et al. 2013

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“…This study is a tangible expression of this need as it has been shown that SsgA and SsgB proteins present in morphologically complex actinomycetes are the source of high-quality molecular data that can be used to resolve relationships between diverse genera classified in the class Actinobacteria [2]. Our work highlights the importance of combining molecular systematic and traditional taxonomic approaches, in accordance with the work of others [58,59], to identify chemotaxonomic and morphological markers as an excellent evidence-based way of distinguishing between closely related genera of actinomycetes, as exemplified by the distinction between Kitasatospora and Streptomyces .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, we are only at the beginning, and new technological advances will further accelerate the accumulation of genome sequence information. The sequences of some 8000 bacterial genomes are publically available, including many organisms classified in the phylum Actinobacteria [2]. Members of this taxon, notably streptomycetes, produce around 70% of known antibiotics, and are therefore an important asset in the fight against emerging antibiotic resistance [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach is being driven increasingly by advances in molecular biology, as witnessed by the impact that 16S rRNA gene sequence and DNA : DNA relatedness values are having on the delineation of taxa, especially at the rank of species [9,10]. The widespread use of polyphasic taxonomic procedures has led to spectacular improvements in the classification of taxa belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria [2]. Despite this progress, significant problems remain, and with so many related species in genera such as Streptomyces , the resolution offered by 16S rRNA and associated phenotypic markers is not always sufficient for the recognition of new taxa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel taxonomic marker that discriminates between morphologically complex actinomycetes

et al. 2013

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In the era when large whole genome bacterial datasets are generated routinely, rapid and accurate molecular systematics is becoming increasingly important. However, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing does not always offer sufficient resolution to discriminate between closely related genera. The SsgA-like proteins are developmental regulatory proteins in sporulating actinomycetes, whereby SsgB actively recruits FtsZ during sporulation-specific cell division. Here, we present a novel method to classify actinomycetes, based on the extraordinary way the SsgA and SsgB proteins are conserved. The almost complete conservation of the SsgB amino acid (aa) sequence between members of the same genus and its high divergence between even closely related genera provides high-quality data for the classification of morphologically complex actinomycetes. Our analysis validates Kitasatospora as a sister genus to Streptomyces in the family Streptomycetaceae and suggests that Micromonospora, Salinispora and Verrucosispora may represent different clades of the same genus. It is also apparent that the aa sequence of SsgA is an accurate determinant for the ability of streptomycetes to produce submerged spores, dividing the phylogenetic tree of streptomycetes into liquid-culture sporulation and no liquid-culture sporulation branches. A new phylogenetic tree of industrially relevant actinomycetes is presented and compared with that based on 16S rRNA sequences.

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Screening biosurfactant‐producing actinomycetes: Identification of Streptomyces sp. RP1 as a potent species for bioremediation

Ayoib,

Gopinath,

Zambry

et al. 2024

J Basic Microbiol

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This study aimed to isolate biosurfactant‐producing and hydrocarbon‐degrading actinomycetes from different soils using glycerol–asparagine and starch–casein media with an antifungal agent. The glycerol–asparagine agar exhibited the highest number of actinomycetes, with a white, low‐opacity medium supporting pigment production and high growth. Biosurfactant analyses, such as drop collapse, oil displacement, emulsification, tributyrin agar test, and surface tension measurement, were conducted. Out of 25 positive isolates, seven could utilize both olive oil and black oil for biosurfactant production, and only isolate RP1 could produce biosurfactant when grown in constrained conditions with black oil as the sole carbon source and inducer, demonstrating in situ bioremediation potential. Isolate RP1 from oil‐spilled garden soil is Gram‐staining‐positive with a distinct earthy odor, melanin formation, and white filamentous colonies. It has a molecular size of ~621 bp and 100% sequence similarity to many Streptomyces spp. Morphological, biochemical, and 16 S rRNA analysis confirmed it as Streptomyces sp. RP1, showing positive results in all screenings, including high emulsification activity against kerosene (27.2%) and engine oil (95.8%), oil displacement efficiency against crude oil (7.45 cm), and a significant reduction in surface tension (56.7 dynes/cm). Streptomyces sp. RP1 can utilize citrate as a carbon source, tolerate sodium chloride, resist lysozyme, degrade petroleum hydrocarbons, and produce biosurfactant at 37°C in a 15 mL medium culture, indicating great potential for bioremediation and various downstream industrial applications with optimization.

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Phylum XXVI. Actinobacteria phyl. nov.

Cited by 103 publications

References 5,146 publications

Novel marine actinobacteria from emerald Andaman & Nicobar Islands: a prospective source for industrial and pharmaceutical byproducts

Novel marine actinobacteria from emerald Andaman & Nicobar Islands: a prospective source for industrial and pharmaceutical byproducts

A novel taxonomic marker that discriminates between morphologically complex actinomycetes

Screening biosurfactant‐producing actinomycetes: Identification of Streptomyces sp. RP1 as a potent species for bioremediation

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