Studies on the Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of Plant Cuticles: Isolated Cuticular Membrane Preparations of Agave americana L. and the Effects of Various Extraction Procedures

Wattendorff, Joachim; Holloway, Peter J.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086306

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Transmission electron microscopy showed an outer polylamellate zone which gradually merged with an inner reticulate region, as in leaf cuticles of Buxus sempervirens or Pyrus communis (Holloway, 1982 a). Unexpanded in vitro leaf cuticle was nearly 0-2 fim thick and consisted only of lamellae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Structural changes and permeability of ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaf cuticles in relation to leaf development and after selective chemical treatments

1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. SUMMARYThe fine .structure of ivy leaf cuticles was investigated as a function of leaf development before and after cuticle isol-dtion as well as after selective extraction of cuticle components. Cuticle mass increased with increasing age from 234-3 to S39-1 //g cm"^. Waxes increased from 12-3 to 18-6",, of cuticle mass from young to old leaves. However, percentages of cutin and non-lipid constituents did not vary significantly with leaf age. They represented approx. 58 and 26",, of the cuticle mass, respt'ctivcly. Cuticle thickness determined from flectron and light microscopy increased 12-fold during leaf growth to reach 4-25 //m for mature leaves. Transmission electron microscopy of transverse sections of non-isolated and isolated cuticles showed an outer lamellate zone gradually merging from an inner reticulate zone the thickness of which increased with leaf growth. The lamellate zone appeared very early (ill 7'itro unexpanded leaf) and was characterized by a constant thickness (0-2 //m). Cuticle lamellation seemed to disappear after extraction of soluble cuticular wax, which confirmed intracuticular wax localization in lamellae. Electron-dense fibrillae observed in the reticulate zone disappeared after acid hydrolysis showing that they are made of non-lipid components. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of crystalline structures and revealed a cuticle disorganization after wax extraction. Permeability measurements showed an increase rather than a decrease in glyphosate and isoproturon diffusion through cuticles with increasing loat age. sugRcsting that the main harrier to diffusion is the outer lamellate zone. A considerable increase in isoproturon penetration through cuticles resulted from the wax extraction, demonstrating tbe major role of wax in tbe control of cuticular permeability to this herbicide.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Structural changes and permeability of ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaf cuticles in relation to leaf development and after selective chemical treatments

1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The concentration of polysaccharides may gradually decrease or be jeopardized by other chemical compounds towards the outer regions of the cuticle as confirmed by Au-labelling. For example, the higher cutin content of the more external regions of the cuticle hypothesised by Wattendorf and Holloway [12] for Agave americana cuticles, may affect polysaccharide labelling by masking the binding sites of the enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it was found that cellulose fibres are mainly randomly oriented in cuticles of mature and ripe tomato fruits and Agave Americana young leaves [9,10], the position and distinction between groups of polysaccharides cannot be ascertained by such analytical techniques. On the other hand, stains like osmium tetroxideuranyl acetate-lead citrate combination [12], calcofluor white [9], ruthenium red [13], periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate tests [12,14] or chlor-zinc-iodine [15] have been used for detecting polysaccharides in cross-sections of isolated leaf and fruit cuticles by electron, optical and fluorescence microscopy. Nevertheless, the lack of specificity of the dyes, the potential degree of impregnation of polysaccharides with chiefly lipidic cuticular components, and the restrictions to observe stained tissues at higher magnifications by optical and fluorescence microscopy, pose an obstacle for elucidating the nature and location of polysaccharides in the cuticle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of polysaccharides in isolated and intact cuticles of eucalypt, poplar and pear leaves by enzyme-gold labelling

Guzmán

Fernández

García

et al. 2014

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…secondary alcohols) and the ends (primary alcohols, carboxyl groups) of the wax molecules (Holloway 1980b). The two layers are clearly distinguished in negative-staining electron microscopy owing to the fact that the tight layers do not take up negative stain (such as KMnO4) whereas the disordered layers do so (Wattendorf and Holloway 1982;Schmidt and Sch6nherr 1982). In the outermost layer, the cuticle proper, the multilamellae are highly ordered and extend over the whole surface of the leaf, with the exception of certain cracks and defects (see Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local motion and conformational changes in the cuticle of Clivia miniata Regel

Wunderlich

Gaub

Marsh

et al. 1990

Planta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The temperature dependence of the local diffusion of fluorescent molecular probes of various polarities (alkane, long-chain fatty acid, short-chain alcohol and fatty acid), all labelled with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl in the cuticle of Clivia miniata Regel was studied by the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The technique yields the coefficient of diffusion, D, in the plane of the cuticle over distances of some 10 μm and the fraction, R, of mobile reporter molecules. The inner (more hydrophilic) and the outer (more hydrophobic) faces of the cuticle were studied separately by appropriate incubation. The value of D was found to depend sensitively on the polarity of the probe, the temperature and the position within the cuticle (outer hydrophobic or inner hydrophilic side). Depending on the type of probe, D increased (in the case of the alkane) or decreased (in the case of the alcohol) after removal of the (monomeric) waxes. The electron-spin-resonance (ESR) spectra of incorporated spin-labelled fatty-acid probes measured in the intact cuticle contained a major component similar to the spectrum recorded from the polymerized matrix from which waxes had been extracted, and a second component similar to the spectrum from the monomeric waxes. At low temperatures, the ESR spectra from labels at two different chain positions corresponded to chain motion which was slow on the ESR timescale. At high temperatures, the spectral component from the monomeric waxes indicated chain motions in the motional narrowing regime which were of an essentially isotropic nature.No evidence was found for a liquid-crystalline lipid phase such as found for the polar lipids in cell membranes, nor was there evidence for a sharp, thermotropic, lipid-phase transition either in the cuticle or in the waxes. Experiments with oriented samples did not demonstrate the presence of large domains with a uniform orientation of the lipid chains relative to the cuticular layers. The diffusion measurements and spin-label studies provide evidence for conformational changes of the cuticle extending over the whole temperature range studied (10° C to 70° C). These conformational changes are attributed to phase-separation processes within the cuticle. The phase separation in extracted waxes extended over a similar broad temperature range. This indicates that the transitions in the cuticle are largely determined by these components. At higher temperatures, however, the chain mobility in the regions of monomeric wax was considerably greater than that in the polymerized matrix. The experimental results strongly indicate that all three layers of the Clivia cuticle exhibit a multilamellar structure of alternatingly stacked, highly hydrophobic layers of welldefined thickness (5±0.5 nm) and more disordered layers of variable (4 to 15 nm) thickness. The lamellae are wellordered and extend over the whole leaf in the cuticle proper but are split-up into small domains in the inner and the external cuticular layer. Furthermore, changes of the mole...

show abstract

Studies on the Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of Plant Cuticles: Isolated Cuticular Membrane Preparations of Agave americana L. and the Effects of Various Extraction Procedures

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Structural changes and permeability of ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaf cuticles in relation to leaf development and after selective chemical treatments

Structural changes and permeability of ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaf cuticles in relation to leaf development and after selective chemical treatments

Localization of polysaccharides in isolated and intact cuticles of eucalypt, poplar and pear leaves by enzyme-gold labelling

Local motion and conformational changes in the cuticle of Clivia miniata Regel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About