Studies on the sources and mechanism of increased urea production by Orconectes rusticus under osmotic stress

Sharma, Moti L.

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(68)90957-2

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Urine is thus markedly hypotonic to hemolymph. The hemolymph osmolality measured is close to previous values reported in the same species (400-450 mosm/kg; Susanto and Charmantier 2000) and lies in the range of values reported in adults of different species of crayfish (366-512 mosm/kg; Bryan Kamemoto et al 1966;Kerley and Pritchard 1967;Andrews 1967;Kamemoto and Ono 1968;Riegel 1968;Sharma 1968;Pritchard and Kerley 1970;Wong and Freeman 1976;Mills and Geddes 1980;Newsom and Davis 1994;Holdich et al 1997). …”

Section: Osmotic and Ionic Regulationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Ontogeny of the antennal glands in the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Crustacea, Decapoda): immunolocalization of Na+,K+-ATPase

Khodabandeh

Kutnik²,

Aujoulat

et al. 2004

Cell Tissue Res

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The involvement of the antennal urinary glands in the ontogeny of osmoregulatory functions was investigated during the development of Astacus leptodactylus by measurements of hemolymph and urine osmolality in juvenile and adult crayfish and by the immunodetection of the enzyme Na+,K+-ATPase. In stage II juveniles, 1-year-old juveniles, and adults, all of which were maintained in freshwater, urine was significantly hypotonic to hemolymph. In adults, chloride and sodium concentrations were much lower in urine than in hemolymph. During embryonic development, Na+,K+-ATPase was detected by immunocytochemistry in ionocytes lining the tubule and the bladder, at an eye index (EI) of 220-250 microm, and in the labyrinth, at EI 350 microm. In all regions, immunofluorescence was mainly located at the basolateral side of the cells. No immunofluorescence was detected at any stage in the coelomosac. In late embryonic stages (EI 410-440 microm), in stage I juveniles, and in adults, strong positive immunofluorescence was found from the labyrinth up to and including the bladder. These results show that, as early as hatching, juvenile crayfish are able to produce dilute urine hypotonic to hemolymph. This ability originates from the presence of Na+,K+-ATPase in ion-transporting cells located in the labyrinth, the tubule, and the bladder of the antennal glands and constitutes one of the main adaptations of crayfish to freshwater.

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Section: Osmotic and Ionic Regulationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Ontogeny of the antennal glands in the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Crustacea, Decapoda): immunolocalization of Na+,K+-ATPase

Khodabandeh

Kutnik²,

Aujoulat

et al. 2004

Cell Tissue Res

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“…Certain authors have reported greater proportions of amino acids in excreted nitrogen, 2 0 % in Copepods (Johannes & Webb, 1965;Webb & Johannes, 1967 and 10-25 o/ o in Euphausiids (Jawed, I 969). The high urea excretion reported for the crayfish Orconectes rusticus (Sharma, 1966(Sharma, , 1968(Sharma, , 1969 or the specific uric acid excretion of the land crab Cardisoma guanhumi (Gifford, 1-2 1968) seem to be exceptions to the rule rather than a general feature. Indeed, more recent studies suggest that amino-acid excretion is rather low, especially in Natantia.…”

Section: End-products Of Nitrogen Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, in some terrestrial Isopods, ammonia can diffuse from the body in the gaseous form (Wieser, Schweizer & Hartenstein, 1969). Ammonia makes up from 70% to 87% of the total excreted nitrogen in marine (Corner & Newell, 1967) and Tigriopus brevicornis (Harris, 1973), 72 yo in the spiny 1obsterJasus edwardsi (Binns & Peterson, 1969), 86 in the crab Carcinus maenas (Needham, 1957) and around 95% in the shrimps Palaemonetes varians (Snow & Williams, 1971) and Crangon crangon (Regnault, (Sharma, 1966(Sharma, , 1968(Sharma, , 1969 or the specific uric acid excretion of the land crab Cardisoma guanhumi (Gifford, 1-2 1968) seem to be exceptions to the rule rather than a general feature. However, recent observations by Quarmby (1985) on the shrimp Pandalus platyceros suggest that we re-examine the question.…”

Section: End-products Of Nitrogen Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Excretion in Marine and Fresh‐water Crustacea

1987

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Summary 1. The major characteristic of aquatic Crustacea is ammonotelism as shown by the relative importance of various nitrogenous end‐products of their nitrogen metabolism. 2. In contrast to urico‐ and ureo‐genesis pathways, ammoniogenesis pathways have received recent attention; some specific enzymes such as glutamate dehydrogenase, AMP‐deaminase and glutaminase are now admitted to play a possible key role in ammoniogenesis of various crustacean species. 3. Processes involved in ammonia output through the gill epithelium (diffusion and/or ionic exchanges) are discussed though few data related to Crustacea are as yet available compared to those obtained in ammonotelic fishes. 4. The effects of some environmental factors as well as the physiological state of animals on nitrogen excretion of Crustacea are envisaged. The effects of temperature, salinity and NH4 concentration in the external medium are discussed first, followed by the changes in nitrogen excretion associated with the moult cycle, the nutritional state of animals and possible neuroendocrine control. It is demonstrated that the response of the excretion rate to these factors presents various patterns according to the species, its osmoregulatory abilities and its body reserves. Changes can also occur in the requisite metabolic pathways, thus increasing the difficulty of generalization. 5. In spite of the great diversity encountered within Crustacea an attempt to bring out general trends of their nitrogen excretion is proposed. 6. The present review is focused on metabolic and physiological aspects of crustacean nitrogen excretion but the significance of nitrogen release in nutrient regeneration in marine and fresh‐water ecosystems is foreseen.

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“…A shift to increased excretion of urea at higher salinities has also been described in the crayfish Acknowledgements. This Paper was funded by the National Orconectes rusticus by Sharma (1968).…”

Section: Sallnlty (Ppt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemolymph ammonia and urea and nitrogenous excretions of Scylla serrata at different temperature and salinity levels

Chen¹,

Pg²

1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Hemolymph ammonia and urea levels and nitrogenous excretions of Scylla serrala (Forskal) (202 * 18 g) were measured when the crabs were exposed to 9 different temperature and salinity regimes (15. 25. 35OC combined with 10, 25 and 40?L S). Hemolymph ammonia increased with a decrease in salinity, whereas hemolymph urea increased with a n increase in salinity. Nitrogenous excretion Increased with temperature. Excretion of ammonia-N, organic-N, nitrite-N, and nitrate-N and total nitrogen excretion (pg g-1 h I J increased with a decrease in salinity, whereas urea-N excret~o n increased w t h a n increase in salinity. At 25"C, ammonia-N excret~on accounted for 82 0, 79 2 and 56.2% of total nitrogen excreted by the crabs at 10, 25 and 40'!6, S, whereas urea-N excretion accounted for 4.3, 9.1 and 30 1 "t rcspectively It 1s concluded that the S. serrata at 40% S shlfts its excretory pattern from ammonlotr~lism to ureotelism.

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Studies on the sources and mechanism of increased urea production by Orconectes rusticus under osmotic stress

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Ontogeny of the antennal glands in the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Crustacea, Decapoda): immunolocalization of Na+,K+-ATPase

Ontogeny of the antennal glands in the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Crustacea, Decapoda): immunolocalization of Na+,K+-ATPase

Nitrogen Excretion in Marine and Fresh‐water Crustacea

Hemolymph ammonia and urea and nitrogenous excretions of Scylla serrata at different temperature and salinity levels

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