Studies on the reaction between cadmium and potassium tetrahydroborate in aqueous solution and its application in atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Xiaowei, Guo; Guo, Xutao

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(95)00114-f

Cited by 94 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, KOH concentration will affect the acidity of the reaction mixture; and acidity of the solution is an important parameter that has great influence on the generation efficiency of the volatile cadmium species. 15 Nevertheless, the constant acidity of sample was chosen as the optimized extractant during the process of sample preparation with ultrasound-assisted extraction in this work, hence the acidity of the reaction mixture was adjusted by using KOH in KBH 4 solution. Using 3.0% m/v KBH 4 as reductant, it was studied the influence of KOH concentration in this solution on the atomic fluorescence signal of cadmium and the results are shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Optimization Of Chemical Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17]20 In this work, the influences of the concentrations of KBH 4 and enhancer on the atomic fluorescence intensities were also investiged because of the use of a modified intermittent-flow reactor. The relationship between the concentration of KBH 4 and the peak area signal is shown in Figure 5.…”

Section: Optimization Of Chemical Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guo et al 15 reported that the presence of thiourea together with cobalt further enhanced the generation efficiency of the volatile cadmium species. In this work, the influences of the concentration of thiourea and Co 2+ on the atomic fluorescence intensities were investigated.…”

Section: Optimization Of Chemical Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to limit formation of foam, a concentration of 0.01% v/v antifoam B, mixed into aqueous KBH 4 , was recommended in this work. It has been well documented that the transition metals can severely suppress the generation efficiency of the volatile cadmium species 15,20 range of ± 5%. The contents of the aforementioned metals in the extracted blood are well within the tolerant concentration range by using the proposed sample preparation protocol.…”

Section: Interferences Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost of acquiring an AFS instrument is only about one fourth compared to an ETAAS and one fifteenth of an ICP-MS; and the costs of its maintenance and operation are markedly lower than those of ETAAS and ICP-MS. At the same time, the technique can obtain excellent detection limits for the determination of hydride-forming elements. [12][13][14] Recently, several hydride generation systems coupled with non-dispersive AFS have been developed for the determination of trace amounts of cadmium in various sample types [15][16][17][18][19][20] and become one of the most sensitive methods for the determination of traces of cadmium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid and low cost determination of cadmium in whole blood by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry after ultrasound-assisted sample preparation

Li¹,

Zhou

2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Foi desenvolvido um método rápido, de baixo custo e preciso para a determinação de cádmio em sangue integral usando espectrometria de fluorescência atômica com geração de hidreto (HG-AFS). A amostra foi preparada por lixiviação assistida por ultra-som e a solução resultante foi usada diretamente para a determinação do cádmio por HG-AFS. Adotando-se as condições otimizadas para o procedimento proposto, o limite de detecção (LOD) e limite de quantificação (LOQ) foram de 0,08 e 0,26 µg L -1 , respectivamente, calculados a partir de três e dez vezes o desvio padrão de onze medidas para a amostra de sangue bovino (branco), com baixo teor de Cd (0,2 µg L -1 , diluída por um fator de 10). O desvio-padrão relativo (RSD, n = 7) variou entre 3-10% (entre medidas) para amostras de sangue contendo de 1 a 8 µg L -1 de cádmio. A precisão e aplicabilidade prática do método foram comprovadas analisando-se materiais de referência certificados (MRCs). Os resultados foram ainda comparados com aqueles obtidos por espectrometria de massa com fonte de plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS). Uma boa concordância foi observada entre os resultados obtidos por HG-AFS e ICP-MS para a determinação de cádmio em MRCs e em amostras de sangue humano.A rapid, low cost and precise method was developed for the determination of cadmium in whole blood using hydride generation atomic fluorescence (HG-AFS). Sample was simply prepared utilizing ultrasound-assisted leaching and the resulting solution was directly used for cadmium determination by HG-AFS. Adopting optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the proposed procedure were 0.08 and 0.26 µg L −1 , calculated from three and ten times the standard deviations of eleven runs of blank blood sample (bovine blood) with low Cd content (0.2 µg L −1 Cd, tenfold diluted); and the relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 7) varied between 3-10% (between-run) at 1-8 µg L −1 cadmium level in blood. The accuracy and practical applicability of the method were validated by analyzing certified reference materials (CRMs) and further demonstrated by results comparison with inductively coupled plasma masss spectrometry (ICP-MS). Good agreement has been demonstrated between results obtained by HG-AFS and ICP-MS for cadmium determination in CRMS and human whole blood.

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Section: Optimization Of Chemical Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimization Of Chemical Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimization Of Chemical Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interferences Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid and low cost determination of cadmium in whole blood by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry after ultrasound-assisted sample preparation

Li¹,

Zhou

2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Automatic determination of mercury, arsenic, and other hydride-forming elements by atomic-fluorescence spectrometry

Xiaowei¹

2000

Lab. Robotics Autom.

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Determination of cadmium by flow injection-chemical vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrometry

Vargas-Razo¹,

Tyson²

2000

Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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A method was developed for the generation of a "cold vapor" of cadmium by means of flow injectionchemical vapor generation from aqueous samples, the determination being conducted with an atomic absorption spectrometer (Pyrex glass T-cell). Several gas-liquid separator designs, atomizer designs, and the effect of several reagents previously reported as sensitivity enhancers (including cobalt, nickel, thiourea and didodecyl-dimethylammonium bromide) were investigated. The limit of detection, calculated as the concentration giving a signal equal to three times the standard deviation of the blank, was 16 ng L -1 , and the relative standard deviation was 1.4% for a concentration of 2 µg L -1 and 3.8% for 0.1 µg L -1 . The addition of nickel and thiourea to the samples provided improved tolerance to the interference of coexisting ions. Two NIST certified reference materials, Montana Soil and Apple Leaves (respectively containing 41.7 ± 0.25 mg kg -1 Cd and 0.013 ± 0.002 mg kg -1 Cd) were accurately analyzed. The interference of lead was overcome by coprecipitation with barium sulfate, and the experimental values obtained were 41 ± 1 mg kg -1 Cd and 0.013 ± 0.002 mg kg -1 Cd, respectively.

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Studies on the reaction between cadmium and potassium tetrahydroborate in aqueous solution and its application in atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Cited by 94 publications

References 6 publications

Rapid and low cost determination of cadmium in whole blood by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry after ultrasound-assisted sample preparation

Rapid and low cost determination of cadmium in whole blood by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry after ultrasound-assisted sample preparation

Automatic determination of mercury, arsenic, and other hydride-forming elements by atomic-fluorescence spectrometry

Determination of cadmium by flow injection-chemical vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrometry

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