Studies on the Physiology and Therapy of Convulsive Disorders

Toman, James E. P.; Swinyard, Ewart A.; Merkin, Marshal; Goodman, Louis S.

doi:10.1097/00005072-194801000-00003

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…We observed that metrazol could produce these three stages in mice when given subcutaneously in a dose of 100 mg/kg and diphenylhydantoin blocked the tonic phase of metrazol seizures (3) ; such observation has been also mentioned by Toman (4) but detailed investigation is not available (5). The present investigation was, therefore, under taken to find out if anticonvulsants of various types could be picked up by a single metrazol test and whether these anticonvulsants produced differential effects.…”

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confidence: 56%

Metrazol Test for Rapid Screening of Anticonvulsants

Ahmad

Dhawan

1969

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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Inspite of the availability of several tests no single screening test is capable of picking up all the active anti convulsant compounds. In routine screening, therefore, one is obliged to include at least one threshold raising test and one pattern modifying test. Antagonism of metrazol induced clonic seizures and supramaxi mal electroshock seizure by drugs effective in petit mall and grand mal epilepsy respectively have been employ ed as screening tests discovering new drugs for these disorders. Goodman et al. (1) and Chen et al. (2) have reported maximal tonic seizure following intravenous administration of metrazol in mice and they (1) have also suggested that anticonvulsant tests utilizing tonic extensor seizure whether evoked by metrazol or electro shock yield similar information.Intravenous administration of gradually increasing doses of metrazol in mice produces clonic convulsions followed by terminal tonic extension and death (8). We observed that metrazol could produce these three stages in mice when given subcutaneously in a dose of 100 mg/kg and diphenylhydantoin blocked the tonic phase of metrazol seizures (3) ; such observation has been also mentioned by Toman (4) but detailed investigation is not available (5). The present investigation was, therefore, under taken to find out if anticonvulsants of various types could be picked up by a single metrazol test and whether these anticonvulsants produced differential effects.Materials and methods: All experiments were coducted on mice of either sex weighing 20-25 g at room temperature 26 + F C. A fixed dose of 100 mg/kg of metrazol was injected subcutaneously in 25 mice to record the pattern of seizures.

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confidence: 56%

Metrazol Test for Rapid Screening of Anticonvulsants

Ahmad

Dhawan

1969

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…Only about 4%) of adult Sprague-Dawley rats fail to show tonic extension (9). The abolition of tonic extension and the prolongation of tonic flexion and clonus are typical early signs of effective anticonvulsant activity of drugs (8,9). The R D L males, then, had the most anticonvulsant type of pattern, because they had the longest periods of tonic flexion and clonus and no tonic extension (Fig.…”

Section: Rat Strains Seizures Brain Ciiolinesterasementioning

confidence: 97%

“…component of maximal seizures in most animal species, including the rat (8,9). Only about 4%) of adult Sprague-Dawley rats fail to show tonic extension (9).…”

Section: Rat Strains Seizures Brain Ciiolinesterasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain Differences in Seizure Responses and Brain Cholinesterase Activity in Rats.

Woolley

Timiras

Rosenzweig

et al. 1963

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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On the basis of these circumstances, it was found in the present work that U-2-macroglobulin always binds insulin, when the insulin is incubated in serum a t 4°C or at 22°C. Moreover the P-2-M-globulin probably can bind insulin, when the incubation occurs at 22°C.Summary. Immuno-electrophoresis combined with autoradiography revealed insulin-J125 by in vitro experiments to be bound to a-2-macroglobulin at 4" and 22°C and to p-2-M (7-1-M) at 22°C. 1. Gjedde, F., unpublished. 2. Clausen, J., Munkner, T., Protides of the Biological Fluids. VZZZ Colloquium, Bruge (H. Peeters, ed.), Amsterdam, Elsevier Pub]. Co., 1961, p147. 3. -, PROC. SOC.

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“…Respiratory response, however, outlasts electrical response in most systems. Observing convulsive discharge electroencephalographically following application of potentials to the whole head of rabbits, Toman, Swinyard, Merkin & Goodman (1948) found a just subthreshold shock to facilitate a second shock occurring within 2 sec after it. Recovery after a seizure induced in this way can require periods of many minutes and the seizure undoubtedly involves phenomena not now reproduced in vitro.…”

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confidence: 99%