Studies on the photodegradation of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Abouelezz, Mohamed; Waters, Paul F.

doi:10.6028/nbs.ir.78-1463

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Thus, degradation by‐products were severely cytotoxic. These by‐products are very likely low molecular weight components formed during degradation processes 90–92 . Low MW compounds present in the PMMA by‐products samples were characterized by NMR (see Figures S2 and S3) and solid‐phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC MS) (see Figure S4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These by-products are very likely low molecular weight components formed during degradation processes. [90][91][92] Low MW compounds present in the PMMA by-products samples were characterized by NMR (see Figures S2 and S3) and solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC MS) (see Figure S4). By-products detected were mainly methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, methyl formate (HCOOCH 3, MF), and methyl formate radical (ÁHCOOCH 3 ) (see Figure S4).…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Of Pmma Degradation By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro assessment of inflammatory skin potential of poly(methyl methacrylate) at non‐cytotoxic concentrations

Barraza‐Vergara,

Carmona‐Sarabia,

Torres‐García

et al. 2023

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is considered an attractive substrate material for fabricating wearable skin sensors such as fitness bands and microfluidic devices. Despite its widespread use, inflammatory and allergic responses have been attributed to the use of this material. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of potential biological effects triggered by PMMA at non‐cytotoxic concentrations using in vitro models of NIH3T3 fibroblasts and reconstructed human epidermis (RhE). It was hypothesized that concentrations that do not reduce cell viability are sufficient to activate pathways of inflammatory processes in the skin. The study included cytotoxicity, cell metabolism, cytokine quantification, histopathological, and gene expression analyses. The NIH3T3 cell line was used as a testbed for screening cell toxicity levels associated with the concentration of PMMA with different molecular weights (MWs) (i.e., MW ~5,000 and ~15,000 g/mol). The lower MW of PMMA had a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 5.7 mg/cm2, indicating greater detrimental effects than the higher MW (IC50 = 14.0 mg/cm2). Non‐cytotoxic concentrations of 3.0 mg/cm2 for MW ~15,000 g/mol and 0.9 mg/cm2 for MW ~5,000 g/mol) induced negative metabolic changes in NIH3T3 cells. Cell viability was severely reduced to 7% after the exposure to degradation by‐products generated after thermal and photodegradation degradation of PMMA. PMMA at non‐cytotoxic concentrations still induced overexpression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors (IL1B, CXCL10, CCL5, IL1R1, IL7, IL17A, VEGFA, FGF2, IFNG, IL15) on the RhE model. The inflammatory response was also supported by histopathological and gene expression analyses of PMMA‐treated RhE, indicating tissue damage and gene overexpression. Results suggested that non‐cytotoxic concentrations of PMMA (3.0 to 5.6 mg/cm2 for MW ~15,000 g/mol and 0.9 to 2.1 mg/cm2 for MW ~5,000 g/mol) were sufficient to negatively alter NIH3T3 cells metabolism and activate inflammatory events in the RhE skin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cytotoxicity Of Pmma Degradation By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro assessment of inflammatory skin potential of poly(methyl methacrylate) at non‐cytotoxic concentrations

Barraza‐Vergara,

Carmona‐Sarabia,

Torres‐García

et al. 2023

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…Our method of controlling saturations and fluid distributions relies on manipulation of the porous medium wettability. Wettability is a fundamental factor influencing multiphase fluid flows in porous media (including air-water flows in soils), and is a measure of the preference of a solid to be in contact with one fluid rather than another (Abdallah et al (2007)). Considering a solid surface in contact with two fluids, a fluid with strong wettability to the surface will spread over it and displace the non-wetting fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Plants in Space: Manipulating Medium Wettability to Create Different Saturation Conditions

Butz

Herring

2019

Transp Porous Med

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Growing plants under microgravity conditions in a space ship is essential for future long term missions to supply needs for food and oxygen. Although plant growth modules for microgravity have been developed and tested for more than 40 years, creating optimal saturation conditions for plant growth in the absence of gravity still remains a challenge.In this study, we present results from a series of spontaneous imbibition experiments designed to approximate microgravity conditions by using density matched fluid pairs. Porous media with patterned wettability characteristics are used to manipulate macroscopic fluid saturation and microscopic fluid interfacial configurations. These are compared to an additional experiment under Earth-gravity, wherein we observe spontaneous imbibition of water into common potting soil.Patterning grains of different wettability under microgravity conditions proves to be an effective method to manipulate spatial distributions and saturations of fluids. These wettability patterns can be optimized to fine-tune residual fluid characteristics, e.g. non-wetting phase saturation, connectivity and interfacial area. Furthermore, we present tomographic evidence supporting previous work which was suggesting enhanced snap-off and disconnection of the gas phase in porous media under microgravity.

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“…At the same time, increased solar irradiance from LCPV amplifies the stress intensity and possibly the degradation rates of the systems, components, and materials. 22 Indoor exposures have been performed under vacuum and in air, with mass loss metrology and gaseous degradation products being identified by mass spectroscopy. 16 Polymers of many types are vulnerable to UV degradation because the highest energy UV radiation observed in the solar spectrum has energies that surpass all but the strongest carbon bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally there is extensive interest in high concentrating photovoltaics applications for use of Fresnel lenses fabricated from durable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) grades. 22,24,25 Production of degradation products and viscosity averaged molecular weight distributions have been used to determine the quantum efficiency of UV light in degrading PMMA. In order to protect these polymers, various formulations of UV absorbers, hindered amine light stabilizers (HALs), and radical scavengers have been employed to stabilize materials exposed to UV degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation in a stress and response framework: poly(methyl methacrylate) for solar mirrors and lens

2012

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In the development of materials for enhanced photovoltaic (PV) performance, it is critical to have quantitative knowledge of both their initial performance and their performance over the required 25-year warranted lifetime of the PV system. Lifetime and degradation science, based on an environmental stress and response framework, is being developed to link the intensity and net stress to which materials, components, and systems are exposed to the responses observed and their subsequent degradation and damage accumulation over the lifetime. Induced absorbance to dose (IAD), a metric developed for solar radiation durability studies of solar and environmentally exposed materials, is defined as the rate of photodarkening or photobleaching of a material as a function of radiation dose. Quantitative degradation rates like IAD, determined over a wide range of stress intensities and net stresses, have the potential to predict degradation, failure, and power loss rates in photovoltaic systems over time caused by damage accumulation. Two grades of poly(methyl methacrylate) were exposed and evaluated in two cases of highintensity ultraviolet exposures. A three-to six-fold increase in photodarkening was observed for one acrylic formulation when exposed to UVA-340 light when compared with concentrated xenon-arc exposure. The other, more highly stabilized acrylic formulation, showed up to three times more photodarkening in the same exposure. Downloaded From: http://photonicsforenergy.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/14/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Murray, Bruckman, and French: Photodegradation in a stress and response framework . Downloaded From: http://photonicsforenergy.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/14/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Murray, Bruckman, and French: Photodegradation in a stress and response framework . Downloaded From: http://photonicsforenergy.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/14/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Murray, Bruckman, and French: Photodegradation in a stress and response framework . Downloaded From: http://photonicsforenergy.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/14/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Murray, Bruckman, and French: Photodegradation in a stress and response framework . Downloaded From: http://photonicsforenergy.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/14/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Murray, Bruckman, and French: Photodegradation in a stress and response framework . Downloaded From: http://photonicsforenergy.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/14/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Murray, Bruckman, and French: Photodegradation in a stress and response framework . Downloaded From: http://photonicsforenergy.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/14/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Murray, Bruckman, and French: Photodegradation in a stress and response framework . Downloaded From: http://photonicsforenergy.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/14/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Murray, Bruckman, and French: Photodegradation in a stress and response fram...

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Studies on the photodegradation of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

In vitro assessment of inflammatory skin potential of poly(methyl methacrylate) at non‐cytotoxic concentrations

In vitro assessment of inflammatory skin potential of poly(methyl methacrylate) at non‐cytotoxic concentrations

Growing Plants in Space: Manipulating Medium Wettability to Create Different Saturation Conditions

Photodegradation in a stress and response framework: poly(methyl methacrylate) for solar mirrors and lens

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