Studies on the performance of the conducting polymer‐based molecular release system

Abstract

‘Conducting polymeric (CP) membrane based controlled molecular release under applied electrical potential’ is an important futuristic application in ‘drug delivery’. A validated Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck based framework has been used in this study for the purpose of performance mapping for such a system. Leaking of the molecules during loading time and retention of molecules at the end of each voltage cycle have been identified here as the major bottlenecks in the use of this system in a sustainable basis. Peak flux of ionic molecules delivered is a key objective to be maximized along with minimum retention and leakage. Results reveal that parameters like time of voltage span, effective diffusivity, polymer film thickness need to be tightly maintained. At the same time, a wide variety of CP‐drug combinations can be acceptable. This opens the possibilities of utilizing this system for large range of therapeutic applications for controlled drug delivery. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

Biomedical applications of electrically conductive polymeric systems

“…The rate of drug release may be adjusted by changing the thickness and/or porosity of the coating, method of preparation or the type of the conducing polymer. Majumdar et al [87] applied a mathematical framework of the dynamics and performance involved in the molecular drug release of a given drug from an ECP, in order to calculate parameters of its release. A huge set of simulations varying in operational parameters and design was considered.…”

Wirelessly triggered bioactive molecule delivery from degradable electroactive polymer films

“…Stimuli‐responsive drug delivery systems potentially enable the treatment of such conditions because they have potential for spatiotemporally controlled drug delivery 8 . Indeed, materials responding to stimuli (such as enzymes, light, pH, temperature, ultrasound and electric/magnetic fields) have been developed for use as drug delivery devices, 9–24 with reviews specifically on the application of electroactive materials for drug delivery 25–31 …”

A Bio-inspired Excitable Cardiac Cell Membrane from Electroactive Polymers: Ion Transport Studies

“…As seen in Figure 4 [160]. However, according to other research on PPy, the lower the current density deposition, the higher the density of PPy membranes [158,161]. Since densities…”

“…Given this knowledge and the concentration dependent hysteresis seen in Figure 4.1, we hypothesize that this represents a shift in the ion exchange process, due to a more stable ion pair formation between K + and the remaining TOS − counterion within the membrane when the salt is present in such high concentrations. These ions left behind after reduction are known as retention, according to Majumdar et al [158], and may cause creep or fatigue in the membrane over many cycles. These retained ions may even form stable bonds with the cationic centers on the polymer chains, reducing the redox capability of the membrane by interfering with the π-centers * .…”

“…As stated by Majumdar et al, the optimal design of ion gating membranes involves maximizing their delivered flux rates and minimizing their leakage and retention rates [158]. Their minimum performance criteria, stated in 2011, called for leakage flux rates lower than 10 −22 mole/cm 2 · s, and maximum delivered flux rates greater than These higher flux rates, however, are in part due to stronger driving concentration gradients across the membrane, which are expected to improve ionic conductivity across the membrane [176].…”