Studies on the Mode of Action of Spinosad: The Internal Effective Concentration and the Concentration Dependence of Neural Excitation

Salgado, Vincent L.; Sheets, Joel J.; Watson, Gerald B.; Schmidt, Arthur L.

doi:10.1006/pest.1998.2333

Cited by 143 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…93 Initial investigations had concluded that the primary action of spinosyn A affected the insect nervous system and disrupted neuronal activity by exciting motor neurons and causing involuntary muscle contractions, eventually leading to paralysis and death. 94,95 Later studies found that spinosyn interacted with both g-aminobutyric acid receptors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby implicating these receptors in the MOA, although in a manner distinct from the interactions by other insecticides. 96 Subsequent investigations provided additional evidence for such a unique MOA, involving an unidentified subtype of nicotinic acid receptors as well as an antagonistic effect on g-aminobutyric acid receptors.…”

Section: Semisynthetic Derivatives and Sarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spinosyn family of insecticides: realizing the potential of natural products research

Kirst¹

2010

J Antibiot

265

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spinosyns are a large family of unprecedented compounds produced from fermentation of two species of Saccharopolyspora. Their core structure is a polyketide-derived tetracyclic macrolide appended with two saccharides. They show potent insecticidal activities against many commercially significant species that cause extensive damage to crops and other plants. They also show activity against important external parasites of livestock, companion animals and humans. Spinosad is a defined combination of the two principal fermentation factors, spinosyns A and D. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been extensively studied, leading to development of a semisynthetic second-generation derivative, spinetoram. The spinosyns have a unique mechanism of action (MOA) involving disruption of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. When compared with many other insecticides, the spinosyns generally show greater selectivity toward target insects and lesser activity against many beneficial predators as well as mammals and other aquatic and avian animals. Their insecticidal spectrum, unique MOA and lower environmental effect make them useful new agents for modern integrated pest management programs. As a result, this work has received U S Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards.

show abstract

Section: Semisynthetic Derivatives and Sarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spinosyn family of insecticides: realizing the potential of natural products research

Kirst¹

2010

J Antibiot

265

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These effects are consistent with the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by a mechanism that is clearly novel and unique among known insect control products. Spinosad also has effects on GABA receptor function that may contribute further to its insect activity [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepato- and nephrotoxicity in male albino rats exposed to malathion and spinosad in stored wheat grains

Zidan¹

2015

Acta Biologica Hungarica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adult male albino rats were fed on stored wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) treated with malathion and spinosad at both 8 and 16 ppm for 90 consecutive days to evaluate their hepatic and renal toxicity. The activity of serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was decreased in rats treated with the higher concentration of both tested pesticides. Biochemical parameters of liver functions [i.e., aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, as well as total protein, albumin, bilirubin and cholesterol levels] were severely affected especially at higher concentration. Malathion and spinosad elevated the activity of ALT, AST, ALP and ACP in rats treated with the higher concentration. Also, total and direct bilirubin levels increased in rats treated with the higher concentration of both pesticides. On the contrary, both pesticides decreased total protein and albumin levels in treated rats in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, malathion was found to be hyperglycemic. Kidney function parameters (i.e., urea and creatinine levels) were increased in treated rats in a concentration-dependent manner. The above mentioned effects were supported by histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues. The obtained results indicated also that malathion was able to cause a more pronounced hepato-and renal toxicity in rats than spinosad.

show abstract

“…However, it has been defined as broad-spectrum because its site of action is the insect nervous system (Salgado et al, 1998). Biopesticides that act as insect growth regulators have been more specific and therefore, widely used in greenhouses (Weintraub et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Peroxide for Insect and Algae Control in a Lettuce Hydroponic Environment

Caixeta¹,

Mata²,

Curvêlo³

et al. 2018

JAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Insects and algae demonstrate adaptability in hydroponic environments. Algae attract flies, Bradysia spp. (Diptera: Sciaridae) and Scatella stagnalis (Diptera: Ephydridae), called fungus gnats and shore fly, respectively. Flies feed on algae, damaging seedlings radicellae, and may transmit pathogens to lettuce plants. Little information on the management of flies and algae is known. A paradox in the face of the expansion of hydroponics. The objective was to evaluate the potential of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as an insecticide and algaecide agent. Entomopathogenic fungi were also evaluated as an alternative control to flies. The experiment was conducted in a commercial hydroponic system under a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments, sprayed on the phenolic foam plates, immediately after lettuce seed deposition, were: H 2 O 2 , Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Spinosyn and water, as control. The quality of the lettuce seedlings (cv. Brida), the presence of flies and algae evolution in the phenolic foam plates were recorded daily. H 2 O 2 and Spinosyn affected lettuce seed germination, but were able to reduce adult flies on the phenolic foam cells. The highest number of larvae was observed with both fungi, and only water, compared to H 2 O 2 . No larvae were found in Spinosyn sprayed phenolic foam cells. However, lettuce seedlings from Spinosyn sprayed plates were those with lower fresh weight. H 2 O 2 severely retained algae infestation in phenolic foam cells over a 15-day observation period. The present work demonstrates the potential that H 2 O 2 can play as an insecticidal and algaecide agent in hydroponic environments.

show abstract

Studies on the Mode of Action of Spinosad: The Internal Effective Concentration and the Concentration Dependence of Neural Excitation

Cited by 143 publications

References 5 publications

The spinosyn family of insecticides: realizing the potential of natural products research

The spinosyn family of insecticides: realizing the potential of natural products research

Hepato- and nephrotoxicity in male albino rats exposed to malathion and spinosad in stored wheat grains

Hydrogen Peroxide for Insect and Algae Control in a Lettuce Hydroponic Environment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About