Studies on the inheritance of resistance to wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc.) in potatoes

Black, W. M.

doi:10.1007/bf02982210

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…and S. spegazzinii Bitt.. Nowadays, most modern German cultivars have one or more nematode resistance genes from these species. After a seriously raging wart epidemic in 1910, caused by the fungus Synchytrium endobioticum , genes for resistance to S. endobioticum were found in some wild species [20, 21] and have been used for a long time for successful prevention [22, 23]. As briefly summarized above, resistance breeding in Europe has an intricate history and is based on the frequent use of wild species germplasm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic genome types of European potatoes and their effects on complex agronomic traits

Sanetomo

Gebhardt

2015

BMC Plant Biol

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BackgroundVarious wild species germplasm has been used in European potato breeding since the first introduction of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Europe. As the plant cytoplasmic genome including chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes is transmitted only through the maternal parent, cytoplasmic markers are useful tools in breeding programs to determine cytoplasmic genome types and to trace maternal ancestors. The potato cytoplasmic genome can be distinguished into six distinct types (M, P, A, W, T, and D). Male sterility was found in genotypes with S. demissum-derived D-type cytoplasm and S. stoloniferum-derived W/γ-type cytoplasm. These wild species were frequently used to incorporate superior pathogen resistance genes. As a result, the percentage of these two types is increasing unintentionally in the European germplasm pool. Other than cytoplasmic male sterility, little is known about effects of the cytoplasmic genome on complex agronomic traits in potato.ResultThe cytoplasm types of 1,217 European potato cultivars and breeding clones were determined with type specific DNA markers. Most frequent were T- (59.4 %), D- (27.4 %), and W- (12.2 %) type cytoplasm, while A- (0.7 %) and M-type cytoplasm (0.3 %) was rare and P-type cytoplasm was absent. When comparing varieties with breeding clones, the former showed a relatively higher frequency of T-type and lower frequency of D- and W-type cytoplasm. Correlation analysis of cytoplasm types and agronomic data showed that W/γ-type cytoplasm was correlated with increased tuber starch content and later plant maturity. Correlation with quantitative resistance to late blight was observed for D-type and M-type cytoplasm. Both cytoplasm types had a positive effect on resistance.ConclusionThis study revealed and quantified the cytoplasmic diversity in the European potato germplasm pool. Knowledge of cytoplasm type is important for maintaining genetic diversity and managing the male sterility problem in breeding programs. This is the first comprehensive study to show correlations of distinct cytoplasmic genomes with complex agronomic traits in potato. Correlations particularly with tuber starch content and resistance to late blight provided new knowledge on cytoplasmic effects on these important traits, which can be exploited for genetic improvement of potato.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0545-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic genome types of European potatoes and their effects on complex agronomic traits

Sanetomo

Gebhardt

2015

BMC Plant Biol

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“…These numbers illustrate well how successful the breeders were in selecting for P1 resistance in their breeding programs. Indeed, varieties such as Abundance, Flourball, Irish Cobbler, Jubel and Majestic were used in many crosses as P1-resistant parent (Black 1935;Lunden and Jørstad 1934;Weiss 1925), albeit Irish Cobbler does not contain PotVar0067008. In the GWAS panel, we observed that Sen1 was especially selected in the starch and processing potatoes programs, where ~ 75% of the varieties from the 'starch' structure group have Sen1, including 20% in two copies.…”

Section: A Historical Interpretation Of Sen1 Distribution In Potato Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of P1(D1) wart disease resistance in potato germplasm and GWAS identification of haplotype-specific SNP markers

et al. 2020

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Key message A Genome-Wide Association Study using 330 commercial potato varieties identified haplotype specific SNPmarkers associated with pathotype 1(D1) wart disease resistance. Abstract Synchytrium endobioticum is a soilborne obligate biotrophic fungus responsible for wart disease. Growing resistant varieties is the most effective way to manage the disease. This paper addresses the challenge to apply molecular markers in potato breeding. Although markers linked to Sen1 were published before, the identification of haplotype-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms may result in marker assays with high diagnostic value. To identify hs-SNP markers, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a panel of 330 potato varieties representative of the commercial potato gene pool. SNP markers significantly associated with pathotype 1 resistance were identified on chromosome 11, at the position of the previously identified Sen1 locus. Haplotype specificity of the SNP markers was examined through the analysis of false positives and false negatives and validated in two independent full-sib populations. This paper illustrates why it is not always feasible to design markers without false positives and false negatives for marker-assisted selection. In the case of Sen1, founders could not be traced because of a lack of identity by descent and because of the decay of linkage disequilibrium between Sen1 and flanking SNP markers. Sen1 appeared to be the main source of pathotype 1 resistance in potato varieties, but it does not explain all the resistance observed. Recombination and introgression breeding may have introduced new, albeit rare haplotypes involved in pathotype 1 resistance. The GWAS approach, in such case, is instrumental to identify SNPs with the best possible diagnostic value for marker-assisted breeding. Communicated by Albrecht E. Melchinger.

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“…Surprisingly, wart-resistant genotypes were found among the progeny of certain susceptible parents. Salaman and Lesly (1923) and Black (1935) hypothesized that at least two genes were responsible for resistance. Other studies (Lunden and Jørstad 1934; Maris 1973; Lellbach and Effmert 1990) concluded that a single dominant gene controls resistance, sometimes in combination with other, the resistance phenotype modifying or suppressing genes.…”

Section: Genetics Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultivation of resistant varieties and strict quarantine measures effectively curtailed the spreading of potato wart. This success was made possible by the pioneering work of the early scientists, who discovered and classified the causal pathogen (Schilberszky 1896; Percival 1910), described its life cycle and pathogenesis (Curtis 1921; Glynne 1926), developed methods for resistance screening (Spieckermann and Kothoff 1924; Glynne 1925; Lemmerzahl 1930) and studied the inheritance of resistance to wart (Salaman and Lesly 1923; Lunden and Jørstad 1934; Black 1935). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing potato wart: a review of present research status and future perspective

2014

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Key messageIdentification of resistance genes to potato wart disease caused bySynchytrium endobioticumis the key for developing diagnostic markers for breeding resistant cultivars. We present an overview on the current knowledge of this host-pathogen system and molecular advances while highlighting future research focus.AbstractPotato wart is a quarantined disease of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) caused by the obligate biotrophic, soil-borne fungus Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. Since its discovery by Schilberszky in 1896, the management of wart disease was enabled by research efforts focusing on understanding and classifying the causative agent, its mode of infection, pathogenesis, geographical distribution, detection and chemical control, on developing screening methods for host resistance and on genetic analyses, which led to the development of resistant cultivars. These early successes are currently challenged by new S. endobioticum pathotypes evolving and the increased risk of dissemination by potato tuber trade. New research efforts are therefore required to ensure continuation of effective and sustainable management of the potato wart disease. Advances in molecular biology and genomic tools offer potential for innovations. This review presents an overview on what we know about this complex host-pathogen interaction, highlights recent molecular work and embarks on an outlook towards future research directions.

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Studies on the inheritance of resistance to wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc.) in potatoes

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Cytoplasmic genome types of European potatoes and their effects on complex agronomic traits

Cytoplasmic genome types of European potatoes and their effects on complex agronomic traits

Distribution of P1(D1) wart disease resistance in potato germplasm and GWAS identification of haplotype-specific SNP markers

Managing potato wart: a review of present research status and future perspective

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