Studies on the early development of zygotic and synergid embryo and endosperm in polyembryonic rice ApIII

Xi-jin, Mu; Jin, Biao; Teng, Nianjun

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2009.12.023

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…With regard to the meiotic origin of the R. bicolor female gametophyte, the egg cell is haploid and in all likelihood not capable of developing without fertilization. Similar phenomena have been described in Helianthus annuus, Zinnia violacea, Oryza sativa and were interpreted as a result of syngamy occurring alone (Miyajima, 2006;Mu et al, 2010;Newcomb, 1973). Single fertilization was also reported in Spiranthes sinensis (Terasaka et al, 1979) and in maize lines (Kato, 1997(Kato, , 2001 in which aberrant, bi-or multicellular pollen grains were involved in fertilization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Also in ∼8% of R. bicolor studied female gametophytes one of synergids showed morphological resemblance to the egg cell. On the contrary, in polyembryonic rice strains where synergid apogamy was a reason of polyembryony, the typical mature specialized synergid was an initial cell of the synergid embryo (Mu et al, 2010). Haploid twins were also reported in Gossypium barbadense (Beasley, 1940) in which hemigamy has been used to production of haploids (Turcotte and Feaster, 1969;Chaudhari, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental events in ovules of the ornamental plant Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt

Musiał

Kościńska-Pająk

Śliwińska

et al. 2012

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental events in ovules of the ornamental plant Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt

Musiał

Kościńska-Pająk

Śliwińska

et al. 2012

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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“…Despite these advantages, it is hard to know if polyembryony would compensate the disadvantages of the occurrence of multiple embryos in a single seed. Morphological anomalies, brood competition inside the seed and seedling competition during establishment may affect the turnover of embryos into seedlings (Hotchkiss et al, 2008;Mu et al, 2010;Uma Shaanker and Ganeshaiah, 1997). Brood competition would be due to the limited amount of resources allocated to each seed and may be evinced by the reduction of mean embryo mass with the increase on embryo number per seed (Mendes-Rodrigues et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyembryony increases embryo and seedling mortality but also enhances seed individual survival in Handroanthus species (Bignoniaceae)

Mendes‐Rodrigues

Sampaio

Costa

et al. 2012

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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“…Synergid apogamy has been observed in a few taxa where specialized synergid cells give rise to embryos. In Oryza sativa (rice AP III), the role of synergids in embryo formation has been well explained (Mu et al, 2010). Nutritional role of synergids has also been studied as these have active machinery for synthesis of plethora of nutrients that support the growth of other cells of the FG as well (Plachino and Swiatek, 2012).…”

Section: Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the sister cells of embryo sac: developmental and functional attributes

Koul¹

2022

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Synergids are metabolically dynamic cells of the egg apparatus and represent an important component of the female gametophyte. Besides directing the growth of the pollen tube towards the micropylar end of the embryo sac, these ephemeral structures make room for the pollen tube cytoplasm. Nature of chemotrophic substances that direct the growth of the pollen tube, the mechanism of degeneration of one of the synergids before fertilization and the molecular aspects of synergid morphogenesis have been studied in detail. Research carried out on model systems such as Arabidopsis, Brassica, Capsella, Triticum and Torenia has bettered our understanding of the molecular regulation of the pollen tube journey, its guidance and navigation in the pistil. Recently, the critical role of the central cell in fertilization and prevention of polytuby has also been thoroughly investigated. Interesting aspects that lead to degeneration of synergids, and the factors governing degeneration including molecular aspects have brought a paradigm shift in understanding of these intriguing units. Sophisticated confocal microscopy, live cell imaging, and molecular tools have helped in furthering our knowledge in the functioning of synergids. Recent research using the high throughput techniques have deciphered the role of various genes that regulate and govern the release of chemotropic substances, cell to cell interaction and synergid cell degeneration. Also, with the diversity displayed in form and function of organs in the angiosperms, and the switching over of roles of the cells of egg apparatus many new insights have been provided on the involvement of synergids both pre- and post-fertilization. Present review provides a comprehensive account of synergids, their role in fertilization and the post fertilization events that have emerged using interdisciplinary approaches in recent years. We also discuss the variations observed in degeneration of synergids and the mechanisms that have been unravelled lately. Looking at the dynamism synergids display, newer roles of these are emerging in fertilization. It is still unknown how synergids in angiosperm taxa where genetic transformation/alteration is carried out, will respond to pollen stimuli. Considering the environmental factors also a role to play in synergid functions, there is lack of experimental studies in this direction. Further research in developing adequate protocols for manipulating synergid functions is much desired. This research has enormous potential in advancement of basic science and can find applications in agriculture, horticulture, and bioprospecting.

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Studies on the early development of zygotic and synergid embryo and endosperm in polyembryonic rice ApIII

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Developmental events in ovules of the ornamental plant Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt

Developmental events in ovules of the ornamental plant Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt

Polyembryony increases embryo and seedling mortality but also enhances seed individual survival in Handroanthus species (Bignoniaceae)

Exploring the sister cells of embryo sac: developmental and functional attributes

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