Studies on the Differences of Photosynthesis among Species : II. Effect of oxygen-free air on photosynthesis

Akita, Shigemi; Miyasaka, Akira

doi:10.1626/jcs.38.525

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Phosphorylated sugars have not been measured in these experiments. Akita and Miyasaka (1969) and Tanaka and Yoshitomi (1973) observed that, following chilling, photosynthesis in rice is inhibited by low 0 2 . This response, counter-intuitive with respect to photorespiratory processes, is somewhat diagnostic of phosphate limited photosynthesis (Sharkey 1985;Sage and Sharkey 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilling Injury in Mature Leaves of Rice. I. Varietal Differences in the Effects of Chilling on Canopy Photosynthesis Under Simulated 'Dry Cold Dew Wind' Conditions Experienced in South-East China

Huang¹,

Wong²,

Terashima³

et al. 1989

Functional Plant Biol.

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Canopy temperature and incident photosynthetically active radiation were measured in experimental rice plots in Guangzhou, South China, during conditions which approximated those of the 'dry cold dew wind', a chilling phenomenon which is responsible for substantial yield reduction in rice. These field conditions were then reproduced in controlled environment photosynthetic measurement chambers. Mature plants of five varieties of rice were arranged to simulate a canopy in these chambers which was then exposed to a 3-day chilling treatment (21°C day/lO°C night) 14 days after anthesis. Canopy photosynthesis was measured before, during and after the chilling period. A Japonica-like cultivar, Hungarian-1 from Central Europe, and an Indica-like cultivar, Lemont from Texas, were markedly less sensitive to a chilling-dependent reduction in photosynthesis than were cultivars Gui Chao-2, Er Bai Ai and IR-8 from South-East China and The Philippines. The extent of chilling-dependent reduction in photosynthesis was greater if roots of plants in the simulated canopy were allowed to track air temperature at night. This led to a 5-7°C differential between root and air temperature in the morning and was associated with a midday depression of photosynthesis in all varieties. If root temperature was kept at 20°C during the day and night and air temperature controlled at 21°C day/ 10°C night, the effects of chilling on photosynthesis were much less pronounced.These changes in canopy photosynthesis following chilling treatments were correlated with changes in leaf level parameters. The level of soluble sugars and starch in leaves was found to remain high during the first cool night and to increase further during the next day. In cultivars which showed pronounced inhibition of canopy photosynthesis throughout the chilling treatment (Gui Chao-2, IR-8), soluble sugars remained at high levels until temperatures were returned to control values. In the less sensitive cultivar, Hungarian-1, soluble sugars declined throughout the chilling treatment. These results suggest inhibition of photosynthesis may be associated with sugar retention in leaves of rice at low temperatures, and imply differences between cultivars in this response. Other photosynthetic parameters monitored included the maximum rate of light and COz saturated photosynthesis, the quantum yield of photosynthesis, and FO and F,IF, of chlorophyll fluorescence at 77K. Surprisingly, Hungarian-1, the cultivar which showed least impairment of canopy photosynthesis showed greater reduction in quantum yield and larger changes in fluorescence parameters during the chilling treatments. These changes were readily reversible and may be related to the more horizontal leaf habit of this cultivar compared with the more vertical orientation of leaves in the other cultivars. These observations imply that assimilate regulation of photosynthetic metabolism, rather than light dependent damage to primary photosynthetic processes, underlies low temperature effects on yield of rice during grain fill...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilling Injury in Mature Leaves of Rice. I. Varietal Differences in the Effects of Chilling on Canopy Photosynthesis Under Simulated 'Dry Cold Dew Wind' Conditions Experienced in South-East China

Huang¹,

Wong²,

Terashima³

et al. 1989

Functional Plant Biol.

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“…4) shows that CE increases with increasing temperature at any given 02 level. An (1) which is equivalent to:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Inhibition of Photosynthesis

Ku¹,

Edwards²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACIThe response of whole leaf photosynthesis of wheat (Tridcum activum L.) in relation to soluble CO2 availble to the mesophyU celLs, under low (1.5%) 02 at 25, 30, and 35 C, followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics up to saturating CO2 but deviated at higb CO2 levels where the experimental Vmax is considerably less than the calculated V... The Although temperature is important in environmental regulation of photosynthesis, the degree of temperature-dependent variation in factors controlling photosynthesis in C3 plants at the cellular level such as affinity for C02, nature of 02 inhibition of photosynthesis, maximum velocity of photosynthesis based on enzyme potential, and solubility of 02 and CO2 is uncertain. In order to make a kinetic analysis of whole leaf photosynthesis in response to levels of CO2 and 02 at various leaf temperatures, it is necessary to consider the concentrations of the gases on a solubility basis in the leaf. From such an analysis, the Km(CO2), Ki(02), Vmax for photosynthesis, CO2 compensation point (IF), and effect of 02 on carboxylation efficiency were determined in the present study for wheat at three temperatures.In the previous study with various C3 species (16) MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth Conditions. Triticum aestivum L. was grown in a growth chamber at a day/night temperature of 30/25 C with other conditions as previously described (16). Newly expanded leaves of 2-to 3-week-old plants were used for all experiments.Gas Exchange Measurements. Measurements of CO2, 02 and water vapor, determination of intercellular CO2 concentration, and calculation of solubility ratio of 02/CO2 in the leaf were fully described in the preceding paper (16).Carboxylation Efficiency. Carboxylation efficiency (CE) as previously defined (10)

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“…C4 plants have small ( < 10 ppm) CO2 compensation points (45,72,130,168,228), and their net photosynthesis is insensitive to variations in oxygen concentration below 21% (27,44,69,118,184) . In some situations, CO2 compensation points > 10 ppm (85,159) and sensitivity of photosynthetic CO2 uptake to variations in oxygen concentration (1,44,92) have been reported for C4 plants.…”

Section: Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Productivity

Loomis¹,

Williams²,

Hall³

1971

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

126

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Man's dependence upon food resources from cultivated lands had its genesis some 10,000 years ago, and the resulting technology of crop hus bandry has been the principal factor permitting large increases in human population. The potential for food production in conventional agriculture and in alternative systems is undergoing intensive re-examination now be cause of current rapid population growth and attendant pressures for conver sion of highly productive, cultivated lands to other uses. The develop ment of plant physiology as a discipline has been closely linked to the de velopment of agriculture and agricultural research, so it is well that we attempt to take inventory in this review of how our research relates to cur rent and future problems in agricultural productivity.Let us focus our examination of agricultural ecosystems first upon several constraints which limit us in comparative analyses of diverse systems and which serve to shape research needs.First, agricultural systems are basically photosynthetic systems and hence must be assessed for their efficiency in conversion of solar irradiance in terms of both primary productivity and useful end products. This means focusing not only on basic aspects of photosynthesis at leaf and cellular levels but also at the community level. Responses to crowding, the dynamics of canopy development, and canopy persistence over the growing season become crucial matters. Time itself must be viewed as a resource.Second, the choice of crop species is heavily influenced by factors un related to primary production potential. Food, feed, and fiber preferences and secondary constraints such as pests, ease of culture, and the need for diversity in operations establish economic priorities which frequently over ride consideration of biological efficiency, Thus, in The Netherlands, grasses may accumulate 1000 g m-2 of dry matter before the time that maize can even be planted (210). However, significant amounts of maize are grown in The Netherlands because of its utility as a concentrated carbohydrate source. Also, it appears that genetic selection generally has favored quantity and quality of economic yield, variables which often correlate poorly with community productivity. These same factors encourage the culture of a desirable plant to be extended towards the limits of its climatic adaptation. Thus, economically attractive cropping systems may be transposed to en-431 7518 Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. 1971.22:431-468. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by North Dakota INBRE on 11/19/14. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Studies on the Differences of Photosynthesis among Species : II. Effect of oxygen-free air on photosynthesis

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Chilling Injury in Mature Leaves of Rice. I. Varietal Differences in the Effects of Chilling on Canopy Photosynthesis Under Simulated 'Dry Cold Dew Wind' Conditions Experienced in South-East China

Chilling Injury in Mature Leaves of Rice. I. Varietal Differences in the Effects of Chilling on Canopy Photosynthesis Under Simulated 'Dry Cold Dew Wind' Conditions Experienced in South-East China

Oxygen Inhibition of Photosynthesis

Agricultural Productivity

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