Studies on the Blood Volume Following Hypophysectomy in Man

Falkheden, Thomas; Sjögren, Björn; Westling, H.

doi:10.1530/acta.0.0420552

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Arterial blood pressure in the supine position remains unchanged (1,3,12). Blood volume is reduced (13). Vasoconstriction is known to take place following hypophysectomy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Catecholamines in Long-Term Diabetics with and without Neuropathy and in Hypophysectomized Subjects

Christensen¹

1972

J. Clin. Invest.

185

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A B S T R A C T Employing a precise and sensitive double-isotope derivative technique, plasma catecholamine concentration (PCA) was measured in four groups of subjects: (a)* long-term diabetics with neuropathy, (b) long-term diabetics without neuropathy, (c) hypophysectomized long-term diabetics with neuropathy, and (d) nondiabetic control subjects. Blood samples were obtained from subjects in the supine and in the standing position.In nondiabetic control subjects, PCA (mainly noradrenaline) increased from 0.26 ng/ml in the supine position to 0.69 and 0.72 ng/ml 5 and 10 min after assuming the standing position. By plotting this increase in PCA on the y axis in a coordinate system vs. increase in pulse rate, PCA was divided into two components: one of these depended on the rise in pulse rate on standing (called CAH) and the other corresponded to the intercept on the y axis where rise in pulse rate equals zero (CAP).Long-term diabetics with neuropathy showed a significant reduction in PCA in both the supine and the standing position. Further analysis demonstrated that CAP was considerably reduced whereas CAH was normal. Long-term diabetics without neuropathy showed normal PCA values.Surprisingly, hypophysectomized diabetics with neuropathy exhibited mean PCA values in both the supine and the standing position which were similar to those found in the nondiabetic subjects and considerably elevated compared with the findings in the nonoperated, long-term diabetics with neuropathy. Further analysis in terms of CAP and CAH demonstrated, however, that CAP was just as abnormally reduced in the hypophysectomized as it was in the nonoperated patients whereas CAH was considerably increased.In contrast to the findings in the nonoperated dia-

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“…Arterial blood pressure in the supine position remains unchanged (1,3,12). Blood volume is reduced (13). Vasoconstriction is known to take place following hypophysectomy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Catecholamines in Long-Term Diabetics with and without Neuropathy and in Hypophysectomized Subjects

Christensen¹

1972

J. Clin. Invest.

185

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“…In animals-and man hypophysectomy induces a decrease in oxygen consumption (7,8). Therefore it was concluded that G H influences erythropoiesis by increasing the oxygen need of the tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pendent samples and the Wilcoxon sign-rank test for correlated data) or the one-tailed t-test were carried out (5). Investigations in animals and man (3,4,7,8,11,13,15,16,23,24,28,31,36) produced convincing evidence justifying a one-tailed test (6,29). Since results of enzyme activity assays were not available in every patient, sample size of data was different.…”

Section: Materials a N D Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After hypophysectomy, erythropoiesis is impaired in animals and man, resulting in a decreased number of nucleated erythroid cells in the bone marrow and in a reduced red cell volume (3,8,13,31,36). In rodents, hypophysectomy causes a peripheral anemia (7), whereas in dogs, monkeys (36), and man (8,31) the impaired erythropoiesis is associated with a parallel decrease in plasma volume, so that hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit remain relatively constant or are only moderately reduced (13).…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rodents, hypophysectomy causes a peripheral anemia (7), whereas in dogs, monkeys (36), and man (8,31) the impaired erythropoiesis is associated with a parallel decrease in plasma volume, so that hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit remain relatively constant or are only moderately reduced (13). Patients with GH deficiency exhibited diminished red cell volume and plasma volume to a degree comparable with patients with panhypopituitarism (3 1).…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Action of Growth Hormone on Erythropoiesis: Changes in Red Blood Cell Enzyme Activities in Growth-retarded Patients with and without Growth Hormone Deficiency

1976

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ExtractFifteen red cell enzyme activities of growth-retarded patients with and without growth hormone (GH) deficiency were investigated before and after GH administration. The 15 enzymes were Hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose phosphate isomerase, phosphofructokinase, fructose diphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, 3-phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, glycose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase.Sixty-six subjects were studied: 30 normal control subjects (group N) and 36 patients (aged 5-23 years) with short stature. Complete endocrine evaluation showed 21 (group I ) to have GH deficiency (10 patients with isolated GH deficiency) and 15 (group II) to have normal hypothalamic and pituitary function except for two patients with a moderate hypothyroidism. Both had been receiving thyroid hormone treatment for a long time before our studies. All 36 patients were treated with 2 mg human growth hormone intramuscularly for 7 days.Before GH treatment no significant difference was observed between hematologic data in group I (GH deficiency) and group II (no GH deficiency). After GH therapy there was a significant increase in reticulocyte count in both groups of patients with short stature. The mean pretreatment value in group I was 1.294% k 0.084 (SEM); the mean post-treatment value was 2.081% 0.287 (SEM), P < 0.005. The mean pretreatment value in group II was 1.0% 0.184 (SEM); the mean post-treatment value was 1.407% 0.193 (SEM), P < 0.01.In group II (no GH devidiency) mean pretreatment erythrocyte enzyme activities were not significantly different from those activities observed in normal control subjects (group N). However, in patients who lacked GH, the pretreatment activities of five red cell enzymes (glucose phosphate isomerase, triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase) were significantly decreased before GH administration compared with the values in normal control subjects. The reduction in a further red cell enzyme (3-phosphoglycerate mutase) was statistically not significant.With GH treatment eight red cell enzyme activities showed a significant increase, one of them (hexokinase) significantly rising in both groups of patients. The remaining seven erythrocyte enzymes (3-phosphoglycerate mutase, glucose phosphate isomerase, triosephosphate isomerase, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) exhibited significantly elevated activities only in patients lacking GH. In three of these enzymes the increase was significantly above the control value.Enzyme activities which were significantly decreased before GH administration rose significantly after GH therapy except for two enzyme activities (3-phosphoglycerate kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). The data may suggest the presence of a younger red ...

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Effect of hypophysectomy on haemodynamic changes induced by administration of oestrone + vasopressin

1974

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The Sapirstein method was used to study the circulatory conditions of hypophysectomized rats treated with oestrogen and with vasopressin. It was found that in rats hypophysectomized for several weeks there are decreases in the blood pressure, cardiac output, renal fraction of the cardiac output and the renal blood flow. 1 hr after vasopressin injection following a 10-day oestrone pretreatment, the renal fraction of the cardiac output and the renal blood flow decreases significantly compared to the hypophysectomized untreated group, and the renal vascular resistance increases to a considerable extent. The vasoconstriction can also be detected in the kidneys of oestrone-pretrcated hypophysectomized animals, following the administration of vasopressin.The protective effect of hypophysectomy against renal cortical necrosis induced by hormone treatment is therefore not exerted by means of the inhibition of the renal vasospasm. It may be presumed that after the hypophysectomy the 02 demand of the kidneys decreases and so the kidneys better endure the 02 deficiency caused by the renal vasospasm.

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Studies on the Blood Volume Following Hypophysectomy in Man

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Plasma Catecholamines in Long-Term Diabetics with and without Neuropathy and in Hypophysectomized Subjects

Plasma Catecholamines in Long-Term Diabetics with and without Neuropathy and in Hypophysectomized Subjects

Action of Growth Hormone on Erythropoiesis: Changes in Red Blood Cell Enzyme Activities in Growth-retarded Patients with and without Growth Hormone Deficiency

Effect of hypophysectomy on haemodynamic changes induced by administration of oestrone + vasopressin

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