Studies on some feed additives giving partial protection against ochratoxin A toxicity in chicks

Stoev, Stoycho D.; Djuvinov, Dimcho; Mirtcheva, Teodora; Pavlov, D.; Mantle, Peter G.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00234-5

Cited by 66 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast to its effect on the gizzard, OTA caused a significant reduction in the relative weight of the thymus in the broiler chicks. Similar results were reported when OTA was administered to specific pathogen-free Plymouth Rock chicks at 1 or 5 parts/10 6 (Stoev et al ., 2002) or to broiler chicks at 2 and/or 4 parts/10 6 (Dwivedi & Burns, 1984a;Elkady, 1993;Kumar et al ., 2004) for periods ranging from 21 to 70 days. Results from all previous reports agreed that the greater the dose used, the greater the decrease in thymus weight, and this was found to be true also when lower doses (130, 305, and 790 ppb) were used by Stoev et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The OTA responses presented in this study were dose and time dependent. The decrease in broiler body weight due to ochratoxicosis was in agreement with several previous reports using dietary OTA inclusion rates of 567 ppb (Garcia et al ., 2003), 0.5 to 2 parts/10 6 (Prior et al ., 1980;Campbell et al ., 1983;Kubena et al ., 1988;Raju & Devegowda, 2000;Kumar et al ., 2003), 1 to 4 parts/10 6 (Gibson et al ., 1989;Verma et al ., 2004), 5 parts/10 6 (Stoev et al ., 2002) and up to 8 parts/10 6 (Huff et al ., 1974(Huff et al ., , 1980.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significant increase in the gizzard relative weight due to OTA exceeded the percentage increase that was found by other workers exposing birds to dietary OTA at 1 to 8 parts/10 6 (Huff et al ., 1974;Gibson et al ., 1989;Elkady, 1993;Stoev et al ., 2002). In the present study, the gizzard weight almost doubled in G2 and G3 in comparison with G1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significant decrease in antibody production against SRBCs and mean wattle thickness in response to PHA injection indicated a reduced humoral and cellular immune response in the OTA-treated groups. This agrees with previous reports showing that OTA fed to chickens at concentrations of 130 to 790 ppb, 5 parts/ 10 6 (Stoev et al ., 2000(Stoev et al ., , 2002; 2 parts/10 6 (Singh et al ., 1990;Santin et al ., 2002) or 4 parts/10 6 (Elkady, 1993); reduced either humoral or cellular immune response, or both. Furthermore, OTA fed to broilers alone (4 parts/ 10 6 ) decreased humoral immunity, and in combination with aflatoxin (2 parts/10 6 ) decreased humoral and cellular immunity (Verma et al ., 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It causes a reduction in growth rate and feed consumption, poorer feed conversion and increased mortality (Peckham et al ., 1971;Huff et al ., 1974;Verma et al ., 2004). Furthermore it produces a reduction in total blood proteins Stoev et al ., 2000), suppression of immune function (Chang et al, 1979;Dwivedi & Burns, 1984a and b;Stoev et al, 2000Stoev et al, , 2002Santin et al, 2002;Politis et al, 2005) and impairment of blood coagulation (Raju & Devegowda, 2000). OTA induces degenerative changes and an increase in the weight of the kidney and liver, as well as a decrease in the weights of the lymphoid organs (Stoev et al, 2000(Stoev et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental ochratoxicosis in broiler chickens

et al. 2006

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This study describes the toxicity signs that developed when the diet of male broiler chickens was artificially contaminated with different levels of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA). Chicks were assigned randomly to three groups of 80 chicks that were fed a diet containing 0 parts per billion (ppb) (control, group 1), 400 ppb (group 2) or 800 ppb (group 3) OTA from day 1 to 5 weeks of age. Signs of ochratoxicosis were assessed on the basis of changes in the following criteria: body weight, relative weights of two representative internal organs (gizzard and thymus), feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, mortality, thyroid activity, blood profile, humoral and cell mediated immunity. Feeding OTA at levels of 400 and 800 ppb (groups 2 and 3) significantly decreased the body weight, thymus weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and thyroxine concentration (P B/0.05). The OTA groups developed anaemia manifested by a significant decrease in the red blood cell count, packed cell volume percentage and haemoglobin concentration (P B/0.05). By the end of the experiment both groups that received OTA showed a 37% reduction in red blood cell count compared with the control group. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the white blood cell count, humoral immune response and cell-mediated immunity was found in both groups fed ochratoxin compared with the control group (P B/0.05). The reduction in the above parameters was more noticeable with time and was proportional to the level of OTA exposure. A significant increase in relative gizzard weight, cumulative mortality and triiodothyronine concentration was found in OTA-fed chicks (P B/0.05). These data provide a description of ochratoxicosis in broilers that should be useful in diagnosis and in improved understanding of the practical implications on broiler performance and health, a problem that can threaten the poultry industry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental ochratoxicosis in broiler chickens

et al. 2006

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Complex etiology and pathology of mycotoxic nephropathy in South African pigs

et al. 2009

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Spontaneous nephropathy in pigs seen in South Africa was found to have multi-mycotoxic etiology involving several mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA), penicillic acid (PA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in addition to a not yet identified mycotoxin. Contamination levels of OTA were comparatively low (67-75 μg/kg) in contrast to high contamination levels of FB1 (5,289-5,021 μg/kg) and PA (149-251 μg/kg). A heavy contamination with Gibberella fujikuroi var. moniliformis and Penicillium aurantiogriseum complex (mainly P. polonicum) was observed in the fed forages in contrast to the light contamination with Aspergillus ochraceus, P. verrucosum and P. citrinum. The pathomorphological picture of this nephropathy was found to differ from the classical description of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy as originally made in Scandinavia by the extensive vascular changes.

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Ochratoxin A: Carryover from animal feed into livestock and the mitigation strategies

et al. 2021

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This review aims to highlight the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the feed of meat-producing animals. The accumulation of OTA in feed and its distribution in various farm animals were compared and evaluated. Primarily, the oral administration of OTA-contaminated feed and the predisposition in an animal's vital organ were critically examined in this work. The collated reports show that OTA directly associated with endemic nephropathy and its high concentration leads to degeneration of liver cells, and necrosis of intestinal and lymphoid tissues. At present, limited reports are available in the recent literature on the problems and consequences of OTA in feed. Therefore, this review focused on the OTA carryover from feed to farm animals and the interaction of its secondary metabolites on their biochemical parameters. Hence, this report provides greater insights into animal health related to OTA residues in meat and meat products. This article also explores mitigation strategies that can be used to prevent the carryover effects of OTA in livestock feeds and the effects in the food chain.

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Studies on some feed additives giving partial protection against ochratoxin A toxicity in chicks

Cited by 66 publications

References 26 publications

Experimental ochratoxicosis in broiler chickens

Experimental ochratoxicosis in broiler chickens

Complex etiology and pathology of mycotoxic nephropathy in South African pigs

Ochratoxin A: Carryover from animal feed into livestock and the mitigation strategies

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