Complex etiology and pathology of mycotoxic nephropathy in South African pigs

Stoev, Stoycho D.; Denev, S.; Dutton, Mike F.; Njobeh, Patrick Berka; Mosonik, Joseph S.; Steenkamp, Paul A.; Petkov, Iordan

doi:10.1007/s12550-009-0038-7

Cited by 42 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…It has been observed, for example, that the simultaneous presence of OTA and fumonisins in feeds intended for pigs favors a "multi-toxicological" effect, with sero-hemorrhagic as cites and pulmonary hemorrhages and hydrothorax among the principal symptoms (Stoev et al, 2010). Moreover, synergistic effects on both liver and kidneys were observed after the ingestion of feed by rabbits contaminatedwithAFB 1 and FB 1 (Orsi et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of mycotoxins in extruded commercial dog food

Gazzotti¹,

Biagi²,

Pagliuca³

et al. 2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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a b s t r a c tThe aim of this study was to determine the presence and the level of contamination of the most important mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B 1 and B 2 , aflatoxin B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 , ochratoxin A and zearalenone) in 48 samples of extruded dry dog food found in the Italian market (24 samples from standard economy lines, 24 of premium lines). Analyses were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Although the concentrations of the mycotoxins in all samples proved to respect the European legislation with regards to animal feed, the analyses revealed a substantial presence of deoxynivalenol, fumonisins and ochratoxin A, with values above the limit of quantification (5 g/kg) in 100%, 88% and 81% of the samples, respectively. In contrast, aflatoxins and zearalenone contamination proved to be very modest, with 88% and 75% of the samples, respectively, showing concentrations below the corresponding limit of quantification (5 g/kg for aflatoxins and 10 g/kg for zearalenone). Moreover, despite a very heterogeneous contamination, the concentration of fumonisins and ochratoxin A was significantly higher in standard foods than in premiumones (491 vs. 80.2 g/kg dry matter for fumonisin B 1 ; 113 vs. 38.5 g/kg dry matter for fumonisin B 2 ; 599 vs. 103 g/kg dry matter for total fumonisins; 23.8 vs. 13.0 g/kg dry matter for ochratoxin A; P<0.001). Furthermore, a simultaneous presence of different mycotoxins (at concentrations higher than their limit of quantification) was observed in most of the pet foods analyzed; in particular, 19% of the samples were contaminated by no fewer than two different types of mycotoxins, 52% by three, 25% by four and 2% by all the mycotoxins evaluated. These results revealed the need for further investigation into the potential risk deriving from chronic exposure to low doses of the different types of mycotoxins that pet species are subject to today.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of mycotoxins in extruded commercial dog food

Gazzotti¹,

Biagi²,

Pagliuca³

et al. 2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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“…polonicum has been recently indicated as a fungus involved in the porcine nephropathy in Bulgaria and South Africa (Stoev et al 2010aStoev et al 2010b, and it has been also identified in poultry mixed feeds in Slovakia (Labuda and Tančinová 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillium strains isolated from Slovak grape berries taxonomy assessment by secondary metabolite profile

Santini¹,

Mikušová

Sulyok

et al. 2014

Mycotoxin Res

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The secondary metabolite profiles of microfungi of the genus Penicillium isolated from samples of grape berries collected in two different phases during two vegetative seasons in Slovakia is described to assess the taxonomy. Three Slovak vine regions have been selected for this study, based on their climatic differences and national economic importance. Cultures of microfungi isolated from berries were incubated on different selective media for macro and micromorphology identification. The species Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium crustosum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium palitans and Penicillium polonicum were identified according to growth and morphology. The related strains were found to produce a broad spectrum of fungal metabolites, including roquefortine C, chaetoglobosin A, penitrem A, cyclopeptin, cyclopenin, viridicatin, methylviridicatin, verrucofortine, secalonic acid D, cyclopiazonic acid, fumigaclavine and mycophenolic acid. Chemotaxonomy was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Dried grape berries were also analyzed allowing to assess the presence of patulin, roquefortine C and penicillic acid; this last one has been identified in dried berries but not in vitro.

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“…These specific adducts are found in human urothelial tumours in EN regions [8,60]. The possible multi-toxin aetiology of EN and porcine nephropathy in Bulgaria and South Africa are supported by experiments from Stoev et al [12,101,122] on pigs: the combination of OTA and FB 1 caused stronger lesions in the kidneys, more pronounced changes in biochemical parameters, and disturbances in the humeral immune response in doses that correspond to those found in cases of porcine nephropathy in Bulgaria and South Africa.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Mycotoxin Combinations Involving Otamentioning

confidence: 93%

Deleterious Effects of Mycotoxin Combinations Involving Ochratoxin A

Klarić

Rašić

Peraica

2013

Toxins

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin with carcinogenic properties. Its presence was detected in various foodstuffs all over the world but with significantly higher frequency and concentrations in areas with endemic nephropathy (EN). Even though food is often contaminated with more than one mycotoxin, earlier studies focused on the occurrence and toxicology of only OTA. Only a limited number of surveys showed that OTA co-occurs in food with mycotoxins (citrinin-CIT, penicilic acid, fumonisin B1-FB1, aflatoxins-AF) which exert nephrotoxic, carcinogenic or carcinogen-promoting activity. This review summarises the findings on OTA and its co-occurrence with the mentioned mycotoxins in food as well as experimental data on their combined toxicity. Most of the tested mycotoxin mixtures involving OTA produced additive or synergistic effects in experimental models suggesting that these combinations represent a significant health hazard. Special attention should be given to mixtures that include carcinogenic and cancer-promoting mycotoxins.

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Complex etiology and pathology of mycotoxic nephropathy in South African pigs

Cited by 42 publications

References 63 publications

Occurrence of mycotoxins in extruded commercial dog food

Occurrence of mycotoxins in extruded commercial dog food

Penicillium strains isolated from Slovak grape berries taxonomy assessment by secondary metabolite profile

Deleterious Effects of Mycotoxin Combinations Involving Ochratoxin A

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