Studies on Serum Insulin-like Activity (ILA) In Prediabetes and Early Overt Diabetes

Steinke, Jürgen; Soeldner, J S; Camerini-Dávalos, Rafael A.; Renold, Albert E.

doi:10.2337/diab.12.6.502

Cited by 138 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…In Table III are summarized the mean values of all constituents measured in plasma (or serum). per ml (33). Free fatty acids achieved a plateau by the third day, except for a significant increase on the last day, probably due to a subjective response to insertion of an indwelling needle for the glucose turnover study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hormone-fuel interrelationships during fasting.

Cahill¹,

Herrera²,

Morgan³

et al. 1966

J. Clin. Invest.

993

400

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Over 50 years ago, Benedict (2) published his extensive monograph on the metabolism of fasting in man, in which he demonstrated that carbohydrate stores provide a small but significant component of the body's fuel for only the first few days. Thereafter, protein and fat are the sole sources of fuel, the former contributing 15 % of the calories and the latter the balance.The primary role of fat as fuel was apparent to Benedict and his contemporaries; it is plentiful and expendable. The significance of the protein requirement, however, was less clear; in fact, it was not fully understood until nearly 20 years later when the obligatory dependence of the central nervous system on glucose was firmly established (3). Since glycogen stores in man were known to approximate only 200 g, it was readily apparent that glucose has to be derived from protein in order to maintain cerebral metabolism during a prolonged fast. More recently, our understanding of the fasted state has been further clarified by the demonstration that free fatty acid is both the major transport form of lipid leaving adipose tissue (4, 5) and a substrate that is * Submitted for publication January 26, 1966; accepted August 4, 1966. Supported in part by grants from the U. readily utilized by liver, muscle, and many other tissues.Although the above findings provide a basis for understanding the metabolism of fasting, certain areas such as the physiologic role of hormones and the mechanisms controlling glucose production and utilization remain poorly defined. In addition, estimates of glucose turnover (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) or splanchnic glucose production (13-15) during a short fast all greatly exceed the amount that can be contributed by gluconeogenesis (as reflected by urinary nitrogen loss). This study was, therefore, designed to obtain base-line information concerning the metabolic and hormonal response to fasting in normal subjects and in two subjects with mild diabetes in the hope that such information would provide at least partial insight into some of these problems. In brief, we found in the normal subjects that the well-integrated release of peripheral fuels and the maintenance of blood glucose concentrations were probably related to insulin concentrations, suggesting but not necessarily proving that insulin is the primary signal responsible for fuel control during starvation. The studies also suggested that glu-, cose metabolism, particularly by brain, must be decreased in order for man to survive prolonged periods of caloric deprivation. MethodsSubjects. Six normal male subjects were selected to provide a diverse spectrum of body size and shape (Table I). Five (N1, Ns, N4, N5, and N.) were divinity students, and the sixth (N2) was a sporting-goods salesman. All were in perfect health and had been consuming an average diet estimated to contain over 250 g of carbohydrate and 80 g of protein with variable amounts of fat. Subjects N2 and N4 were intentionally selected because of a family history of diabetes; their mothers had maturity-onset...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hormone-fuel interrelationships during fasting.

Cahill¹,

Herrera²,

Morgan³

et al. 1966

J. Clin. Invest.

993

400

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When absolute values were compared, the mean fasting level of the islet-cell tumor group was reached by the normal group 20 minutes after glucose loading, implying close to maximal insulin output by the former. The potential diagnostic value of this observation, however, is impaired by the observation of a similar pattern of serum ILA in response to glucose in patients with early diabetes and in those with prediabetes (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, in the islet-cell tumor patients, higher values of serum ILA corresponded to lower values of serum glucose, although this was not true in approximately one-third of the samples tested. Figure 1 depicts the change from fasting serum ILA after iv glucose infusion and compares 6 islet-cell tumor patients with 12 normal controls. The control group showed an initial rise at 10 minutes that became significant at 20 minutes, when a threefold increase above base line was observed; there was a return to base line at 60 minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Small Quantities of Insulin-Like Activity With Rat Adipose Tissue. Iv. Serum Insulin-Like Activity and Tumor Insulin Content in Patients With Functioning Islet-Cell Tumors*

Steinke¹,

Soeldner²,

Renold³

1963

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…There is some evidence that biochemical and histological changes are already present during this period. An increase in the thickness of basement-membranes in glomerular (3) and muscle capillaries (4), elevated fasting levels of serum insulin-like activity (ILA) (5), and a blunted early serum insulin response with excessive later response to massive oral glucose loads have all been reported (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated serum human growth hormone and decreased serum insulin in prediabetic males after intravenous tolbutamide and glucose

Boden¹,

Soeldner²,

Gleason³

et al. 1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Serum human growth hormone (HGH), serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI), plasma free fatty acids, and blood glucose were measured during intravenous glucose and intravenous tolbutamide tolerance tests in 13 normal and 13 prediabetic (offspring of two diabetic parents) males, closely matched for weight and age. Only prediabetics with normal glucose tolerance during oral, intravenous, and cortisone-primed glucose tolerance tests were evaluated.Mean serum HGH levels were significantly higher in prediabetics in response to intravenous tolbutamide and at the end of the 3-hr intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT). This is interpreted as a hyperresponsiveness of the growth hormone-releasing mechanisms in prediabetic subjects.The insulin response during the first 10 min of an IVGTT was significantly reduced in prediabetic males as compared to normal controls, whereas the insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide was not significantly different at the same time intervals in the same subjects.It appears, therefore, that measuring IRI during an IVGTT can be valuable in detecting the earliest signs of diabetes even before any disturbance of blood glucose homeostasis is seen.

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Studies on Serum Insulin-like Activity (ILA) In Prediabetes and Early Overt Diabetes

Cited by 138 publications

References 0 publications

Hormone-fuel interrelationships during fasting.

Hormone-fuel interrelationships during fasting.

Measurement of Small Quantities of Insulin-Like Activity With Rat Adipose Tissue. Iv. Serum Insulin-Like Activity and Tumor Insulin Content in Patients With Functioning Islet-Cell Tumors*

Elevated serum human growth hormone and decreased serum insulin in prediabetic males after intravenous tolbutamide and glucose

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