Studies on Riboflavin and Thiamin in the Rumen Content of Cattle

Hunt, C. W.; Kick, C. H.; Burroughs, Eliza; Bethke, R. M.; Schalk, A. F.; Gerlaugh, Paul

doi:10.1093/jn/21.1.85

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This trend to increase ARS is in line with the study of Santschi et al (2005b), in which a low-forage diet led to a greater riboflavin concentration in the solid-associated bacteria fraction than a high-forage diet. Hunt et al (1943) showed that rumen riboflavin concentration increased when a rapidly fermentable carbohydrate source was added to the diet. In the present study, the diets were isoenergetic, but it can be hypothesized that the bacterial population responsible for starch degradation produces more riboflavin than the bacterial population involved in fiber degradation.…”

Section: Riboflavinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary nitrogen levels and carbohydrate sources on apparent ruminal synthesis of some B vitamins in dairy cows

Beaudet

Gervais

Graulet

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Effects of nitrogen level and carbohydrate source on apparent ruminal synthesis (ARS) of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B 6 , folates, and vitamin B 12 were evaluated using 4 lactating Holstein cows distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with treatments following a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Cows were fitted with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum. The treatments were 2 N levels and 2 carbohydrate sources. The diet with the high N level provided 14% crude protein, calculated to meet 110% of the protein requirements and an adequate supply in rumen-degradable protein, whereas the diet with the low N level contained 11% crude protein, calculated to meet 80% of the protein requirements with a shortage in rumen-degradable protein. Carbohydrate source treatments differed by their nature (i.e., high in starch from barley, corn, and wheat, or high in fiber from soybean hulls and dehydrated beet pulp). All 4 diets were isoenergetic, based on corn silage, and had the same forage-to-concentrate ratio (60:40, dry matter basis). Duodenal flow was determined using YbCl 3 as a marker. Each B-vitamin ARS was calculated as duodenal flow minus daily intake. The intake of several B vitamins varied among treatments, but because the animals consumed a similar amount of feed every day (average of 20 kg of dry matter/d) the difference was mostly due to vitamin content of each ingredient and their relative proportion in the diets. Decreasing N concentration in the diet reduced vitamin B 6 duodenal flow and increased its apparent ruminal degradation. It also decreased duodenal flow and ARS of folates. The high-starch diets increased duodenal flow and ruminal balance of riboflavin, vitamin B 6 , and folates, whereas the high-fiber diets increased vitamin B 12 ARS and duodenal flow. These effects on apparent synthesis are possibly due to changes in ruminal fermentation.

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Section: Riboflavinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary nitrogen levels and carbohydrate sources on apparent ruminal synthesis of some B vitamins in dairy cows

Beaudet

Gervais

Graulet

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…These results suggest that either extensive utilization or destruction of thiamin present in the fluid occurred, or that thiamin was not released from the bacterial cells. Similarly, Hunt et al (1941Hunt et al ( , 1943 concluded that thiamin was synthesized in the rumen, but then was either rapidly absorbed by the cow or partially destroyed. In an in vitro experiment, Naga et al (1975) noted that free thiamin added to incubation media of ruminal fluid was almost entirely transferred to the solid phase of the samples, and that 25% of the vitamin could not be recovered after 1 h, probably due to uptake and utilization by the bacteria.…”

Section: Study 2 Effects Of Forage To Concentrate Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an increase was noted in the SAB fraction linked with the increase of concentrates in the ration (40.51 vs. 47.79 µg g -1 for HF and LF, respectively; P = 0.01). Accordingly, Hunt et al (1943) showed that a higher proportion of grain (corn) in the diet lead to an increase in the concentration of riboflavin in the total ruminal content, probably Can. J. Anim.…”

Section: Study 2 Effects Of Forage To Concentrate Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows

Santschi¹,

Chiquette²,

Berthiaume³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2005. Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 389-399. Two studies were undertaken to verify the effect of the forage to concentrate ratio of the diet on B-vitamin concentrations in ruminal contents. In Study 1, eight primiparous and eight multiparous cows were used in a cross-over design, and concentrations of biotin, folates and vitamin B 12 were determined in ruminal fluid and plasma of cows fed a high-forage (HF; 58:42 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) or a low-forage (LF; 37:63 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) diet. In Study 2, six ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a cross-over design to evaluate the effects of forage to concentrate ratio (HF = 60:40; LF = 40:60; DM basis) on concentrations of seven B-vitamins in the particle-free fluid and in both liquid-and solid-associated bacteria. Results showed that B-vitamins were present mainly in the bacterial fractions of the ruminal content, while only limited amounts were found in the surrounding fluid. A change in the forage to concentrate ratio had a greater effect on vitamin concentration in the bacteria associated with the solid fraction than in those present in the liquid portion of the rumen. The most noticeable effects of a low forage diet were an increase in riboflavin, but a decrease in true vitamin B 12 concentrations in solid-associated bacteria as well as a decrease in biotin concentration in particle-free fluid. In conclusion, it appears that ruminal B-vitamin concentration is altered by changes in the forage to concentrate ratio, which suggests that the supply of vitamins to dairy cows is influenced by diet composition. base matière sèche (MS)] ou basse en fourrage (LF; ratio fourrages:concentrés de 37:63; base MS). Dans l'étude 2, 6 vaches en lactation munies de canules ruminales ont été utilisées en chassé-croisé pour évaluer les effets du ratio fourrages:concentrés (HF = 60:40; LF = 40:60; base MS) sur les concentrations de 7 vitamines B dans le fluide sans particules et dans les bactéries associées aux phases liquide et solide. Les résultats démontrent que les vitamines B sont présentes principalement dans les fractions bactériennes du contenu ruminal, et que seulement des quantités limitées sont détectables dans le liquide environnant. Un changement dans le ratio fourrages:concentrés provoque un effet plus marqué sur la concentration des vitamines B dans les bactéries associées à la phase solide que dans celles présentes dans la portion liquide du contenu ruminal. Les effets les plus marqués des rations faibles en fourrages sont une augmentation des concentrations en riboflavine mais une diminution des concentrations en vitamine B 12 dans les bactéries associées à la phase solide ainsi qu'une diminution des concentrations en biotine dans le fluide ruminal sans particules. En conclusion, il semble que la concentration ruminale des vitamines B est altérée par des changements dans le ratio fourrages:concentrés, ce qui su...

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“…The presence of readily available carbohydrate in the rumen has been found to increase the synthesis by rumen micro-organisms of vitamin B^riboflavin, pantothenic acid and vitamin B 6 (Hunt, Burroughs, Bethke, Schalk & Gerlaugh, 1941Lardinois, Mills, Elvehjem & Hart, 1944). It is not knownif all the species of micro-organisms in the rumen are capable of vitamin synthesis (Bechdel & Honeywell, 1927); in addition the relative number of each microorganism species in the rumen changes when sugar or starch is added to a ration of hay (Quin, 1943;Baker, personal communication).…”

Section: The Effect Of the Addition Of Vitamins Of The B-complex On Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of quality and quantity of carbohydrate and protein in the ration of the sheep on the digestibility of cellulose and other constituents of the ration, with a note on the effect of adding vitamins of the B-complex on the digestibility and retention of the nutrients of a hay ration

Head¹

1953

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. The effects of various starch and protein supplements on the digestibility of cellulose determined by the Norman-Jenkins technique and other constituents of the ration were studied in sheep.2. The addition of small amounts of maize or potato starch or flaked maize to a ration of about 1 lb. of poor hay was associated with a depression in the digestibility of (Norman-Jenkins) cellulose.3. When tested separately at varying levels, the addition of nearly pure maize protein, casein, white fishmeal, decorticated groundnut cake meal, urea or urea + DL-methionine, had no effect on the digestibility of cellulose, at any particular level of starch equivalent.4. The digestibility of nitrogenous nutrients was depressed by the addition of maize starch or flaked maize to the ration except when urea was the nitrogen supplement. The depression was even greater when potato starch was added to the ration instead of maize starch.5. The retention of nitrogen was not decreased by the addition of starch to the ration, although the digestibility of nitrogen-containing material was depressed. The retention was increased when starch was added to a ration containing casein.6. The retention of nitrogen was poor from rations containing urea and starch, but it was slightly improved by the supplementation with 1 g. DL-methionine per day.7. The addition of the various supplements had no marked effect on the digestibility of the dry matter or ‘other nutrients’ of the ration.8. It is suggested that the growth of the microorganisms digesting cellulose in the rumen is not dependent on the supplementary feed nitrogen when the substrate they are digesting contains a reasonable amount of nitrogen. This amount appears to be about 1%.9. The addition of vitamins of the B-complex to a daily ration of 1100 g. of hay did not affect the digestibility of the dry matter or nitrogencontaining substances or the retention of nitrogen by sheep.

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Studies on Riboflavin and Thiamin in the Rumen Content of Cattle

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of dietary nitrogen levels and carbohydrate sources on apparent ruminal synthesis of some B vitamins in dairy cows

Effects of dietary nitrogen levels and carbohydrate sources on apparent ruminal synthesis of some B vitamins in dairy cows

Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows

The effect of quality and quantity of carbohydrate and protein in the ration of the sheep on the digestibility of cellulose and other constituents of the ration, with a note on the effect of adding vitamins of the B-complex on the digestibility and retention of the nutrients of a hay ration

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