Studies on prenatal and postnatal development in rats exposed to 60‐Hz electric fields

Sikov, M.R.; Montgomery, Lynn D.; Smith, L.G.; Phillips, Richard D.

doi:10.1002/bem.2250050111

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In contrast, Sikov et al (1984) found that fertility was unaffected in rats exposed to a 10-foldhigher electric field (100 kV/m) than was used in our study. Light intensity (Davis et al 1993) and elevated ambient temperatures (McDaniel et al 1995) affect fertility in birds but were similar between the EMF and control rooms .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

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Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Reproductive Success of American Kestrels

Fernie

Bird²,

Dawson³

et al. 2000

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Reduced reproductive success of birds nesting near power lines has been documented but never directly attributed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Laboratory studies have identified EMF effects on embryonic development, but reproductive success of wild birds is dependent on additional factors, including fertility, egg size, hatching, and fledging success. We tested whether EMFs affect reproductive success of birds. Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were bred for one season per year for 2 yr under either controlled or EMF conditions. EMF exposure was equivalent to that experienced by wild reproducing kestrels and was weakly associated with reduced egg laying in 1 yr only. In both years fertility was higher, but hatching success was lower in EMF pairs than control pairs. Fledging success was higher in EMF pairs than control pairs in 1995 only. Egg composition and embryonic development were examined in 1 yr only, but hatchlings were measured in both years. EMF eggs were larger, with more yolk, albumen, and water, but had thinner egg shells than control eggs. Late-term EMF embryos were larger and longer than control embryos, although hatchlings were similar in body mass and size. EMF exposure affected reproductive success of kestrels, increasing fertility, egg size, embryonic development, and fledging success but reducing hatching success.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…In contrast, prenatal mortality was unaffected in rats (Burack et al 1984;Sikov et al 1984). The reduced hatching success of the larger EMF eggs was surprising, as larger eggs have better hatching success in several bird species (Wiebe and Bortolotti 1995;Amundsen et al 1996;Perrins 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Reproductive Success of American Kestrels

Fernie

Bird²,

Dawson³

et al. 2000

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…Several studies have addressed possible effects of 60 Hz electric fields on reproduction and development in rats, using field strengths from 10 to 150 kV/m [Seto et al, 1984;Sikov et al, 1984;Rommereim et al, 1987Rommereim et al, , 1989Rommereim et al, , 1990. The studies involved large group sizes and exposure over multiple generations.…”

Section: Extremely Low Frequency and Intermediate Frequency Fields Elmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental effects of electromagnetic fields

Juutilainen

2005

Bioelectromagnetics

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This paper reviews experimental studies on the effects of radiofrequency (RF), extremely low frequency (ELF), and intermediate frequency (IF) electromagnetic fields on animal development. Numerous studies have shown that RF fields are teratogenic at exposure levels sufficiently high to cause significant increase of temperature. There is no consistent evidence of RF field effects at nonthermal exposure levels. Only a few studies have evaluated possible effects on postnatal development using sensitive endpoints, such as behavioral effects. ELF electric fields up to 150 kV/m have been evaluated in several mammalian species. The results are rather consistent and do not suggest adverse developmental effects. The results of studies on ELF magnetic fields suggest effects on bird embryo development, but not consistently in all studies. Results from experiments with other non-mammalian experimental models have also suggested subtle effects on developmental stability. In mammals, most studies have shown no effects of prenatal exposure to ELF or IF magnetic on gross external, visceral, or skeletal malformations. The only finding that shows some consistency is increase of minor skeleton alterations in several experiments. Taken as a whole, the results do not show robust adverse effects of ELF and IF fields on development. However, additional studies on the suggested subtle effects on developmental stability might increase our understanding of the sensitivity of biological organisms to weak low-frequency magnetic fields.

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“…Each study used a different time course sn the life ofthe animals with respect to exposure; however, in all cases, the fields were constant during exposure, usually about 20 hr/day (49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56). Several researchers have studied the effects of ELF fields on mice; most experiments have been with pure electric fields, but a few have been with electric and magnetic fields.…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%