“…One technique to increase the hardness of the matrices and the fiber-matrix interaction is to add second-stage reinforcements to a matrix. When appropriately blended into the matrices, a tiny quantity of nanoparticles can considerably enhance the bulk characteristics of the material, like composite durability, rigidity, interfacial dimensional stability, mechanical characteristics, electrical characteristics, and thermal characteristics [18,19]. Silicon, nano titanium dioxide, Al 2 O 3 , silicon dioxide, nanoclay, and other forms of second-stage reinforcement are used for matrices alteration in fiber-reinforced composites.…”