Studies on Leukocytic Secretory Activity

Richter, K

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb45988.x

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The origin of PMN granules has been a matter for considerable speculation for some time (58). In studies with the electron microscope, mitochondria (19), the endoplasmic reticulum (9,12,14), and the Golgi apparatus (11,13,54) have all been implicated as sites of origin at one time or another.…”

Section: Origin Of Pmn Granules: Polarity Of the Golgi Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Granules in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Bainton

Farquhar

1966

The Journal of Cell Biology

438

107

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The origin, nature, and distribution of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) granules were invcstigated by examining developing granulocytcs from normal rabbit bone marrow which had been fixed in glutaraldchyde and postfixed in OsO4. Two distinct types of granules, azurophil and specific, were distinguished on the basis of their differences in size, density, and time and modc of origin. Both types are produced by the Golgi complex, but they are formed at diffcrcnt stages of maturation and originate from different faces of the Golgi complex. Azurophil granules arc larger (~800 m/z) and more dense. ~[hcy arc formed only during the progranulocyte stagc and arise from the proximal or concave face of thc Golgi complex by budding and subsequent aggregation of vacuoles with a dcnse core. Smaller (~500 m/z), less dense specific granules arc formed during the myclocytc stage; they arise from the distal or convex face of the Golgi complex by pinching-off and confluence of vcsiclcs which have a finely granular content. Only azurophil granules are found in progranulocytes, but in maturc PMN relatively few (10 to 20%) azurophils are seen and most (80 to 90%) of the granulcs present are of the specific type. ~[he results indicate that invcrsion of the azurophil/specific granule ratio occurs during the myelocyte stage and is due to: (a) reduction of azurophil granules by multiple mitoses; (b) lack of new azurophil granule formation after the progranulocyte stage; and (c) continuing specific granule production. The findings demonstrate thc existence of ~wo distinct granule types in normal rabbit PMN and their separate origins from the Golgi complex. The implications of the observations are discussed in relationship to previous morphological and cytochemical studies on PMN granules and to such questions as the source of primary lysosomcs and thc concept of polarity within the Golgi complex.

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Section: Origin Of Pmn Granules: Polarity Of the Golgi Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Granules in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Bainton

Farquhar

1966

The Journal of Cell Biology

438

107

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“…The interphase was ten and eleven hours respectively. Extrusion of secretory va cuoles from the myelocytes was occasionally seen (10). Eosinophil myelocytes were frequently seen but they did not mature.…”

Section: General Pattern Of Culturementioning

confidence: 98%

Serum Agar Cultures of Blood and Bone Marrow Cells

Woodliff¹

1961

Acta Haematol

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“…18, i~u m b e r 4, shows yet another focus of the above structure a t the time it becomes free. Richter (33) showecl in a phase pl~otoinicrograpl~ in 1955 "a spherical cluples golgi body1' in a living lymphocyte. T h e similarity between Richter's "golgi bocly" and the structure shown in number 4 above is stri1;ing.…”

Section: Release Of Basic Nuclear Units From the Surface Of Lymphocytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and Function of Lymphocytes in Relation to Their Basic Nuclear Units

Engelbert¹

1956

Can. J. Zool.

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.I his paper records a discovery of basic, pa;tially independent nuclear units that lie within a common nuclear ~nernbrane of some vertebrate cells. The cells concerned are found in series from small (1-2 p) to large (10-15 p or more). The smallest cells possess one basic nuclear unit, the larger cells have several. The series of cells fro~n small to large represent stages of a life cycle. Certain of the basic nuclear units act as reproductive organelles and certain large cells are parent cells producing new small cells thus closing one life cycle and startlng another. 'I'he large cells are forrncd from the small cells through a series of fusions. 'I'he basic nuclear units behave similarly to ruicron~~clci, the reproductive organelles in ciliates, but the fusions of the vertebrate cells are permanent, not temporary unions such as conjugation in ciliates.The discovery of the basic nuclear units and their role in the lile cycle of some vertebrate cells has given rise to a new concept of blood cell cytogenesis. The inclivitlual chromatin lumps characteristic of the nuclei of lymphocytes are founcl to be separate entities, the basic nuclear units upon which bloocl cell cytogenesis depends.The small Ij,mphocyte (4-6p) is found to be the ltey cell in reproductio~i of bloocl cells. Two small lymphocytes move together and establish close contact. The contact becomes permanent as a projection of nucleoplasin that extends out from each of them joins forming an internuclear bridge. As soon as contact is made between the two cells their basic iluclear ini its begin a series of divisions that increase the number of units but decrease their incliviclual sizes. These clivisions eventually leacl to formation of nexv cells.

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Studies on Leukocytic Secretory Activity

Cited by 17 publications

References 80 publications

Origin of Granules in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Origin of Granules in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Serum Agar Cultures of Blood and Bone Marrow Cells

Behavior and Function of Lymphocytes in Relation to Their Basic Nuclear Units

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