Studies on Induced Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogia</i>)

Abstract

Mutation breeding has been widely used for the improvement of plant characters in various crops. It is a powerful and effective tool in the hands of plant breeders. In any mutation breeding program, selection of an effective and efficient mutagen is very essential to produce high frequency of desirable mutation. Groundnut (Arachis hypogia) var. VRI-2. was treated with different concentration of physical and chemical mutagen namely gamma rays 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 KR and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). For inducing mutation various concentration of EMS such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 % for six hours were applied to 200 seed sample of each concentration and one respective control. The LD 50 value was observed in 50% of gamma rays and 0.5 % of EMS. The morphological and yield characters were significantly reduced seed germination, seedling survival, days to first flower, plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of grains per plant, grain length and breath, 100 grains weight, grain yield per plant, fresh and dry weight per plant. The increasing doses/concentration of gamma rays and EMS decreased in phenotypic and yield characters in M1generation. The mutagenized populations showed significantly higher variability in the M2 generation. Mutant lines showing higher yield per plant than the respective parents and checks were isolated in M2 and subsequent generation were significantly more pod yield and yield components than the untreated plants.

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) improvement in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

“…Mutation breeding serves as an alternative approach to conventional plant breeding to increase genetic variability and could confer specific improvement without significantly altering phenotype expression (Kulthe and Kothekar 2011). Physical mutagens such as X-ray, gamma rays, β-rays, fast neutrons and chemical mutagens like, ethyl methane sulphonate, ethidium bromide, acryflavine, diethyl methane sulphonate (DES), N-nitroso-N-methylurea, Nethyl-Nnitroso-urea, ethylene imine and sodium azide have been successfully used to create genetic variability in groundnut (Kumari 2008;Bhagwan and Akkiraju 2015;Gunasekaran and Pavadai 2015;Habtamu 2016). About 72 groundnut varieties have been developed through mutation breeding (Janila et al 2013).…”

Past, Present and Future Perspectives on Groundnut Breeding in Burkina Faso

“…To create useful genetic variation, technologies such as mutation, transformation, and gene editing can be deployed. Mutation breeding involves irradiating seed with gamma rays or using chemical mutagens like ethyl methane sulphonate, diethylsulfate or sodium azide [131][132][133] to evoke changes in the DNA. Successful cases of mutation breeding have been reported extensively for the improvement of important traits including groundnut yield [134,135], allergen reduction [132], and oleic acid content in the oil profile [136].…”

Research Article Differential expression of dormancy-Associated genes in fastigiata and hypogaea peanut

“…In peanut, no evident correlation has been found in dormancy and storage, but rancidity is involved with oleic/linoleic ratio, which is higher in runner genotypes (Bhattacharya and Raha, 2002;Balešević-Tubić et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2012a). High rancidity interferes on seed germination of peanut seeds (Santos et al, 2012a;Gunasekaran and Pavadai, 2015). Some peanut researchers have used intersubpecies crosses in order to minimize the effect of rancidity and maintain the dormancy of the seeds (Wadia et al, 1987;Faye et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2012a).…”

“…Environmental changes often interfere with germination and quality of the seeds. The grains contain 45-50% of oil, which contains 30-35% polyunsaturated fatty acids and 17-18% of saturated fatty acids (Santos et al, 2012a;Gunasekaran and Pavadai, 2015). This amount makes peanuts susceptible to oxidative rancidity during processing and storage that is the most common cause of quality loss.…”

“…High linoleic seeds are more resistant to oxidation and are found in Spanish and Valencia genotypes. Although no correlation has been found between fatty acids and germination, it is suggested that rancidity may be involved in the dormancy of hypogaea genotypes, since they have high concentration of oleic acid (Santos et al, 2012a;Gunasekaran and Pavadai, 2015).…”