Studies on immune response to Newcastle disease virus in broiler chickens fed with Lactobacillus reuteri PIA16 isolated from the gut of indigenous chicken of Assam, India

Abstract

Background and Aim: The chicken gut harbors microflora which impacts the health, production performance and immune response against pathogens. Assam local chickens reared under natural conditions are known to possess high immunocompetence which may be attributable to its gut microbiota make-up. This study aimed to investigate the individual effect of two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri PIA16 isolated separately from cecum and jejunum of Assam indigenous chicken on the immunity of broiler chickens against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) when fed singly and in combination with a prebiotic. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 birds (48 per group) were vaccinated with Lasota strain of NDV on the 5th and 21st day of age. Blood samples were collected before and after immunization against ND for the detection of humoral antibody response by hemagglutination inhibition test. The cell-mediated immune (CMI) response was estimated through response to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and expressed as web index. Results: A significant influence on the immune response to NDV was observed in all the L. reuteri PIA16 as well as mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplemented groups revealing higher antibody titer than the control counterpart. The CMI response revealed a better cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity response to PHA-P in the treated groups than the control. Conclusion: Enhancement in immunity was perceived in the broilers fed with L. reuteri PIA16 and in combination with MOS due to the stimulation of the host's humoral and CMI response by the probiotics and prebiotics used. Keywords: hemagglutination inhibition, Lactobacillus reuteri PIA16, mannan oligosaccharide, Newcastle disease, phytohemagglutinin-P, probiotics.

Microbiota in viral infection and disease in humans and farm animals

“…The cell-mediated immune response; however, remained largely unaffected throughout the course of the experimental period. 28 Results from the probiotics studies indicate that these beneficial bacteria can boost the performance and overall health status in poultry. Although these studies showed generic positive impact on NDV-vaccinated chickens, the associated changes in the intestinal microbiota have not been examined.…”

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“…Ashraf and Shah [66] reported that probiotics could enhance gut mucosal immunity by increasing the levels of IgA. Gonmei et al [67] concluded that Lactobacillus reuteri PIA16, previously isolated from the chicken gut, could enhance the humoral and cell-mediated immunity of broiler chickens, and lower the mortality and susceptibility to disease. Sarwar et al [68] showed that probiotics, when administered with vaccines, at a rate of 2.0 g/500 mL of water, could induce an improvement in antibody titer.…”

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“…Recently, Shojadoost et al (2019) discovered that probiotic lactobacilli stimulate cell-mediated immunity in chickens by augmenting antiviral macrophage responses. On the other hand, there also appears to be some probiotic-mediated antiviral humoral immune responses in chickens ( Gonmei et al, 2019 ).…”