Microbiota in viral infection and disease in humans and farm animals

Yuan, Lijuan; Hensley, Casey; Mahsoub, Hassan M.; Ramesh, Ashwin; Zhou, Peng

doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.005

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(317 reference statements)

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“…Research has shown that neurohormones released in the gut as a result of stressful events can increase the rate of horizontal gene transfer of genes encoding for AMR which can lead to an increase in shedding of resistant bacteria ( 45 – 47 ). Although little is known about the impact of acute viral infections on the composition and kinetics of the microbiome, these types of infections could be classified as systemic stressful events and therefore one could hypothesise that an increase in horizontal gene transfer may occur ( 48 , 49 ). Fifty-six per cent of E. coli investigated showed resistance to fluoroquinolones, which may be associated with the use of marbofloxacin at the SRI, although not all isolates with resistance to fluoroquinolones came from animals with a history of marbofloxacin treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, and Virulence Factors in E. coli Isolated From Seals

Vale

Shubin

Cummins³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Marine mammals are frequently considered good sentinels for human, animal and environmental health due to their long lifespan, coastal habitat, and characteristics as top chain predators. Using a One Health approach, marine mammals can provide information that helps to enhance the understanding of the health of the marine and coastal environment. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the quintessential One Health problem that poses a well-recognised threat to human, animal, and ecosystem health worldwide. Treated and untreated sewage, hospital waste and agricultural run-off are often responsible for the spread of AMR in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Rescued seals (n = 25) were used as sentinels to investigate the levels of AMR in the Irish coastal ecosystem. Faecal swabs were collected from these animals and bacterial isolates (E. coli and cefotaxime-resistant non-E. coli) from each swab were selected for further investigation. E. coli isolates were characterised in terms of phylogenetic group typing, AMR, and virulence factors. All E. coli isolates investigated in this study (n = 39) were ampicillin resistant while 26 (66.6%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Resistance genes blaOXA−1 and blaTEM−1 were detected in 16/39 and 6/39 isolates, respectively. Additionally, virulence factors associated with adhesion (sfa, papA, and papC) and siderophores (fyuA and iutA) were identified. An additional 19 faecal cefotaxime-resistant non-E. coli isolates were investigated for the presence of β-lactamase encoding genes. These isolates were identified as presumptive Leclercia, Pantoea and Enterobacter, however, none were positive for the presence of the genes investigated. To the authors knowledge this is the first study reporting the detection of blaOXA−1 and blaTEM−1 in phocid faecal E. coli in Europe. These results highlight the importance of marine mammals as sentinels for the presence and spread of AMR in the marine and coastal environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, and Virulence Factors in E. coli Isolated From Seals

Vale

Shubin

Cummins³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Changes in intestinal microbiota composition towards dysbiosis will affect and compromise the host’s functions in which it is involved, including immune system response against infections. On the other hand, there is evidence that infections, including bacterial or viral, can cause alterations in the intestinal flora, predisposing the host to secondary infections and aggravating its clinical status [ 2 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: The “Gut Microbiota Hypothesis” In Poor Outcomes Of Covidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis a Predictor of Increased Susceptibility to Poor Outcome of COVID-19 Patients? An Update

2020

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The scientific knowledge already attained regarding the way severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects human cells and the clinical manifestations and consequences for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially the most severe cases, brought gut microbiota into the discussion. It has been suggested that intestinal microflora composition plays a role in this disease because of the following: (i) its relevance to an efficient immune system response; (ii) the fact that 5–10% of the patients present gastrointestinal symptoms; and (iii) because it is modulated by intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (which is the virus receptor). In addition, it is known that the most severely affected patients (those who stay longer in hospital, who require intensive care, and who eventually die) are older people with pre-existing cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and pulmonary diseases, the same people in which the prevalence of gut microflora dysbiosis is higher. The COVID-19 patients presenting poor outcomes are also those in which the immune system’s hyperresponsiveness and a severe inflammatory condition (collectively referred as “cytokine storm”) are particularly evident, and have been associated with impaired microbiota phenotype. In this article, we present the evidence existing thus far that may suggest an association between intestinal microbiota composition and the susceptibility of some patients to progress to severe stages of the disease.

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“…Thus, alteration of the gut microbiota has been associated with a decreased effectiveness of the protective barrier against infection, which can promote host infection [10]. Although previous studies have focused on individual pathogens that induce calf diarrhea, recent data have suggested that the gut microbiota plays an important role in controlling and eliminating infectious diseases.…”

Section: A C C E T E D Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microbiota can directly protect against infection by competing with pathogens at mucosal entry sites or by releasing soluble molecules that inhibit pathogenic colonization, or can provide indirect protection by stimulating host immune responses [ 9 ]. Thus, alteration of the gut microbiota has been associated with a decreased effectiveness of the protective barrier against infection, which can promote host infection [ 10 ]. Although previous studies have focused on individual pathogens that induce calf diarrhea, recent data have suggested that the gut microbiota plays an important role in controlling and eliminating infectious diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the gut microbiota in post-weaned calves following recovery from bovine coronavirus-mediated diarrhea

Kwon¹,

Jo²,

Lee³

et al. 2021

J Anim Sci Technol

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Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is associated with severe diarrhea, dehydration, and depression, which result in significant economic damages in the dairy and beef cattle industries worldwide. However, differences in the gut microbiota structure and their correlations with differing physiological parameters between BCoV-infected calves with diarrhea and recovered calves are not well understood. In this study, fecal specimens were collected from 10 post-weaned calves, before and after 2 months of fluid therapy, and the samples were used for microbiota analysis. Following recovery, the alpha-diversity profiles (observed operational taxonomic units [OTUs], and Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices) changed significantly when compared with those of calves with diarrhea. Beta-diversity analysis exhibited significant differences in gut microbiota compositions between calves with diarrhea and those in the recovered state. The abundances of eight phyla and thirteen genera in feces changed markedly after restoration of BCoV diarrhea. In addition, our correlation study clearly revealed that increased abundances of the genera Caproiciproducens, Pseudoflavonifractor , and Oscillibacter negatively correlated with serum glucose, and phosphorus levels, but positively correlated with serum chloride in calves with diarrhea, whereas increased abundances of the genera Peptostreptococcaceae;Clostridium ( Clostridium cluster XI), Intestinibacter, Cellulosilyticum, Ruminococcus, Romboutsia, Paeniclostridium, Clostridiaceae;Clostridium and Turicibacter in recovered calves showed the opposite pattern. These results suggest that structural changes of the gut microbiota after recovery from BCoV infection correlate with changes in physiological parameters. In conclusion, our data provide evidence of gut microbiota-composition changes and their correlations with the physical profiles of post-weaned calves, before and after fluid therapy for BCoV-related diarrhea.

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Microbiota in viral infection and disease in humans and farm animals

Cited by 32 publications

References 193 publications

Detection of blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, and Virulence Factors in E. coli Isolated From Seals

Detection of blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, and Virulence Factors in E. coli Isolated From Seals

Is Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis a Predictor of Increased Susceptibility to Poor Outcome of COVID-19 Patients? An Update

Alteration of the gut microbiota in post-weaned calves following recovery from bovine coronavirus-mediated diarrhea

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