Studies on Effects of Different Cross-Linkers on the Properties of Starch-Based Wood Composites

Abstract

A green route is demonstrated to prepare biobased composites from renewable resources like starch and soft wood with engineering aspects. In this process, three different cross-linkers such as glutaraldehyde (GA), dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), and N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) have been used to cross-link methyl methacrylate-grafted starch with wood flour. Water is used as a solvent and glycerol as a plasticizer in the preparation of wood starch composites. Effects of these cross-linkers on different properties of the composites have been investigated through a limiting oxygen index test and mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermogravimetric analysis. DMDHEU cross-linked composites show the least water uptake capacity compared to NMA- and GA-based cross-linked composites due to their better cross-linked structure as DMDHEU contains a higher number of functional groups. The interaction among polymer, cross-linker, and wood has been found to be the maximum in DMDHEU cross-linked composites as revealed by FTIR and SEM studies. DMDHEU cross-linked composites also exhibit higher mechanical and thermal properties.

Bio-based Wood Polymer Nanocomposites: A Sustainable High-Performance Material for Future

“…Thus the nanoparticles fill up the voids and the lumens of the fibers of the composite and diminish the available sites for water absorption. Wood treated with starch-grafted MMA and DMDHEU has reduced water absorption capacity (Baishya and Maji 2014) as shown in Fig. 8.…”

Restricted Equilibrium Swelling of n‐Alkanes Posed by Ginger Spent Filled Polyurethane Green Composites during Sorption, Desorption, Resorption, and Redesorption Processes

“…Molecular transport characteristics of polymer membranes have been extensively studied by many researchers. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Studies on transport of aliphatic and aromatic probe molecules in cross-linked polystyrene (PS) have been carried out by Kim et al 18 Transport behavior of chain-extended PUs has been studied by Kendaganna Swamy and Siddaramaiah. 19 PUs have been prepared by different diisocyanates and their effect on sorption behavior have been carried out by Satheesh and co-workers.…”

“…Hence, it is important to analyze the transport behaviors of polymer-organic penetrant systems, with great interest by various researchers. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The interaction of filler and polymer, penetrant size, temperature, and nature of polymer and solvent will strongly influence transport behaviors of polymer composites. Molecular transport characteristics of polymer membranes have been extensively studied by many researchers.…”

Effect of domestic compatabilizer on the performance of polypropylene-sawdust composites

“…3,14,15 In fact, many reports have indicated the problem of increased water absorption of lignocellulosic materials containing polymer composites particularly with increasing amounts of lignocellulosics as well as method of processing. [13][14][15]22,28,32,33,39,41,44,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] This problem lowers the mechanical properties. However, certain methods such as surface modifications of lignocellulosics or additions of some chemicals to the matrix have been successfully attempted to overcome this problem.…”