Studies on ecophysiology of fish parasites: Effect of trypanosome infection on the serum cholesterol levels of fishes

Tandon, R. S.; Chandra, Sudhish

doi:10.1007/bf00380538

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Glucose levels can increase in response to elevated epinephrine and cortisol activity (Bowers et al, 2000;Haond et al, 2003). The observed decrease in serum urea (24.25±1.57 mg/dl) level was nearly similar to that recorded by (Tandron, and Chandra, 1973) who attributed this decrease in serum urea level to probable inhibition in urea synthesis as a result of hepatocellular damage. The observed elevation in serum creatinine level could be attributed to the obtained renal dysfunction.…”

Section: Haematological and Biochemical Investigation Were:-supporting

confidence: 83%

Study on clinicopathological and biochemical changes in some Marine water Fishes infested with internal parasites in Red Sea

El-Hamed¹,

El-Shaer²

2015

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry and Environmental Health

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Helminthology and haematology parameters have been recognized as the important tools for assessing the fish health. Measurement of blood parameters has been used for many years as a tool for monitoring the health of fish. The present study investigated the effects of a natural infestation of Siganus rivulatus, lethrinus harak and Gerras oyena with internal parasites on blood parameters such as red blood cell (RBCs) and white blood cells counts (WBCs) and hemoglobin level were estimated as well as plasma glucose and serum activities of liver and kidneys function tests. Our study was conducted on 275 marine fish 100 of Siganus rivulatus, 100 of lethrinus harak and 75 of Gerras oyena collected from water of Safaga city at Red Sea governorate for examination of internal parasitic infestation. Parasitized fish showed decreases RBCs level (1.41 x 10 6 /μL), low hematocrit (17.82%) and increases in WBCs (18.37 x10 3 μL) and increases in plasma glucose levels (68.4 mg/dl), while decreased in serum total proteins (2.81 g/dl). AST activities in serum (95.1 U/L), ALT activities in serum (81.65 U/L) and Creatinine value (1.10 mg/dl) all increases compared with values in healthy non infected fish due to increase of helminthes infection. Decrease in serum urea (24.25 mg/dl) level was also found. The result revealed that fish were apparently healthy and no pathgnomic signs of infested fish except excessive mucous secretion. In case of P. M. examination of infested fish liver there was paleness with areas of hemorrhage and somewhat Congestion with peticeal hemorrhage, inflammation of Intestine. It was 46.0% of examined fish infested with Nematodes spp. were recorded. The highest percentage of infestation with Nematode spp. was more than 150 g. and 25 cm. in case of Siganus rivulatus, 14. % in Lethrinus harak. and 60% in Gerras oyena.

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Section: Haematological and Biochemical Investigation Were:-supporting

confidence: 83%

Study on clinicopathological and biochemical changes in some Marine water Fishes infested with internal parasites in Red Sea

El-Hamed¹,

El-Shaer²

2015

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry and Environmental Health

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“…A curious result obtained in the present experiment is that the plasma cholesterol level of the host fish exhibited an overall decreasing trend throughout the infestation period (Table 2). Usually the cholesterol level of fish increases under parasitic infection (Tandon & Chandra, 1977). Nonetheless, the present result can be interpreted in two terms: the first is hypoxia‐induced depletion of cholesterol (Bera et al ., 2017; Elbialy et al ., 2020), and the second is the use of cholesterol for cortisol biosynthesis in the fish under argulid infestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary stress response and biochemical profile ofLabeo rohita(Hamilton, 1822) experimentally parasitized withArgulus bengalensis(Ramakrishna, 1951)

Datta

Kar

Saha

2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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Argulosis is a major problem that causes huge economic loss in aquaculture. In a microcosm, an infested condition was developed upon Labeo rohita with 100 ± 10 adult morphs of Argulus bengalensis per fish. Primary stress response and biochemical profiles of the host were evaluated to underscore the pathogenicity of the parasites. Significant alterations in biochemical parameters were monitored at four different post‐infestation time points: days 1, 3, 6 and 9. The overall increasing trends of both plasma cortisol and plasma epinephrine indicate parasite‐induced primary stress response among experimental fish. The study revealed a hyperglycaemic trend throughout the infestation period, which has been correlated with hypoxia‐associated glycogenolysis. Decreasing level of plasma cholesterol has also been correlated with the development of anaemia and subsequent hypoxia among the infested fish. Plasma protein of the experimental fish initially increases as an outcome of the immediate innate immune response against Argulus infestation, whereas the decrease in plasma protein at the later period of infestation results from less‐dietary protein intake due to loss of appetite, reduced digestibility and metabolic proteolysis. Plasma Na+ concentration showed an overall decreasing trend throughout the infestation period, which may be due to excess production of catecholamine under stress. Nonetheless, plasma K+ concentration showed an increasing trend up to day 6 of infestation, and thereafter the value declined to the control level. Plasma ionic imbalances reflect changes in cell permeability under tissue hypoxia and the wounds produced on the skin for intensive feeding activity of the parasites. Both serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities were significantly elevated throughout the infestation period, which indicates excess synthesis or release of those enzymes from the damaged cells of the tissues. Activities of some renal, hepatic and branchial antioxidant enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione‐S‐transferase, increased in the infested fish. The fact is explained as an effort of the fish for gaining adaptive adjustment to neutralize the oxidative stress generated under the parasitic stress. The overall experimental result points towards the generation of potential stress upon host fish by this branchiuran parasite. The biochemical alterations of the fish under argulosis are centred around the two stress‐sensitive hormones, cortisol and epinephrine. The outcome of the study will be the important physiological determinants in adopting a suitable control measure as well as assessing the nutritional value of the fish under diseased condition.

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“…It was demonstrated that due to the stressful conditions, fish cultivated in farms or laboratory specimens are more susceptible to infections and have higher mortality level compared to those living under natural conditions (Lom 1979). Pathological manifestations of Trypanosoma infections in wild populations are relatively mild and usually limited to hypocholesterolemia, anemia and anorexia (Tandon andChandra 1977, Khan 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of trypanosome co-infections in freshwater fishes

Grybchuk-Ieremenko¹,

Losev²,

Kostygov³

et al. 2014

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract:One thousand three hundred seventy three fish specimens of eight different species from the vicinity of Kyiv, Ukraine, were examined for the presence of trypanosomes and 921 individuals were found to be infected. The prevalence of infection ranged from 24% in freshwater bream, Abramis brama (Linnaeus), to 100 % in spined loach, Cobitis 'taenia' Linnaeus. The level of parasitaemia also varied significantly between generally mild infections in pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus), and heavy ones in C. 'taenia'. In most cases the infections with trypanosomes were asymptomatic. Cases of co-infection with species of Trypanoplasma Laveran et Mesnil, 1901 were documented for five out of eight examined host species. Molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA sequences revealed that four hosts, namely northern pike, Esox lucius Linnaeus, freshwater bream, spined loach and European perch, Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, were simultaneously infected with two different trypanosome species. Our findings advocate the view that to avoid the risk posed by mixed infections, subsequent molecular taxonomic studies should be performed on clonal lines derived from laboratory cultures of fish trypanosomes.

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Studies on ecophysiology of fish parasites: Effect of trypanosome infection on the serum cholesterol levels of fishes

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Study on clinicopathological and biochemical changes in some Marine water Fishes infested with internal parasites in Red Sea

Study on clinicopathological and biochemical changes in some Marine water Fishes infested with internal parasites in Red Sea

Primary stress response and biochemical profile ofLabeo rohita(Hamilton, 1822) experimentally parasitized withArgulus bengalensis(Ramakrishna, 1951)

High prevalence of trypanosome co-infections in freshwater fishes

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