Studies on Disappearance of Malachite Green in Cultured Rainbow Trout

Kasuga, Yoji; Hishida, Miyuki; Tanahashi, Nobuyasu; Arai, Makoto

doi:10.3358/shokueishi.33.539

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this respect, it should be noted that cell proliferation and viability of HEp-2 and Caco-2 cells were unaffected by LMG concentrations up to 610µM, while either function was remarkably depressed starting from MG concentrations as low as 1µM (Stammati et al, 2005) In conclusion, MG proved to act as an in vitro GSH depletor and a general inhibitor of trout liver DMEs, most notably EROD and GST, which exhibited IC50 values in the micromolar and submicromolar range, respectively. Liver concentrations of 3-5 µM are reported to occur in trout liver in the 12-24 h following MG exposure at concentrations mimicking a therapeutic protocol (Kasuga et al, 1992;Alderman and Clifton-Hadley, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro interactions of malachite green and leucomalachite green with hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme systems in the rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss)

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro interactions of malachite green and leucomalachite green with hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme systems in the rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss)

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Residues of MG in fry from treated chinook salmon ranged from 0.14 to 1.16 mg/kg. Kasuga et al (1992) examined the elimination of MG from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following exposure to 1 mg/L for 1 h. Highest concentrations of MG were found in kidney (approximately 3.4 mg/kg after 2 h) and liver (approximately 2.4 mg/kg immediately following treatment) and lower concentrations in serum (approximately 0.8 mg/kg immediately following treatment) and muscle (approximately 0.5 mg/kg after 4 h). MG in serum, liver and muscle gradually decreased over time and levels were below the LOD (20 lg/kg) after 21 days.…”

Section: Fish and Crustaceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malachite green in food

2016

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malachite green (MG) has been used globally in aquaculture but is not registered for use in food-producing animals in the European Union. The European Commission requested EFSA to evaluate whether a reference point for action (RPA) of 2 lg/kg for the sum of MG and its major metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG) is adequate to protect public health. Available occurrence data were not suitable for a reliable exposure assessment. The hypothetical dietary exposure was calculated, considering the RPA as occurrence value for all types of fish, fish products and crustaceans. Mean dietary exposure across different European dietary surveys and age classes would range from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day. For high and frequent fish consumers, the exposure would range from 1.3 to 11.8 ng/kg bw per day. Both MG and LMG induced formation of DNA adducts in livers of rats and/or mice, and of micronuclei in mice. LMG also induced cII transgene mutations in mouse liver. MG caused a small, not dose-related, increase in thyroid gland follicular adenomas and carcinomas, and of mammary gland carcinomas in female rats. LMG caused an increase in hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in female mice. Both MG and LMG may be considered as carcinogenic and as genotoxic in vivo. A lower 95% confidence limit for a benchmark response of 10% extra risk (BMDL 10 ) of 13 mg/kg bw per day for hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas was selected as reference point for neoplastic effects. For non-neoplastic effects, a lower 95% confidence limit for a benchmark response of 5% extra risk (BMDL 05 ) of 6 mg/kg bw per day was selected for the effect of MG on liver weight and of LMG on body weight. The margins of exposure were 1.1 9 10 6 or greater for neoplastic effects and 4.9 9 10 5 or greater for non-neoplastic effects. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it is unlikely that exposure to food contaminated with MG/LMG at or below the RPA of 2 lg/kg represents a health concern.Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Standing Working Group on non-allowed pharmacologically active substances in food and feed and their reference points for action (2015)(2016)(2017)(2018):

show abstract

“…[3][4][5] In the aquaculture industry, saprolegniasis has been controlled effectively with malachite green, although recent studies have shown this compound to be environmentally toxic. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Research conducted over the past two decades has reported mutagenic, teratogenic and residual unfavorable activities of malachite green leading to its ban in many countries. [7][8][9][10][11][12] A broad-spectrum bactericide substance known as bronopol has been used for preventing saprolegniasis outbreak in salmon and trout eggs populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Research conducted over the past two decades has reported mutagenic, teratogenic and residual unfavorable activities of malachite green leading to its ban in many countries. [7][8][9][10][11][12] A broad-spectrum bactericide substance known as bronopol has been used for preventing saprolegniasis outbreak in salmon and trout eggs populations. However, due to its broad bioactivity 13 and demonstrated toxicities against environmental zooplankton and phytoplankton, bronopol products must be heavily diluted before being discarded, thus increasing usage costs significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saprolmycins A–E, new angucycline antibiotics active against Saprolegnia parasitica

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Saprolmycins A-E, five new anti-Saprolegnia parasitica antibiotics were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. strain TK08046. As determined using a combination of NMR and spectroscopic analyses, the structures of these compounds were elucidated as a new group of angucycline compounds closely related to saquayamycin. Saprolmycin A and E exhibited potent anti-S. parasitica selective activities, with MIC values of 3.9 and 7.8 ng ml À1 , respectively, but weak or no activity against fungi, gram-positive or -negative bacteria, and microalgae or zooplankton. Our results suggest these two compounds as highly effective and environmentally safe anti-saprolegniasis candidates.

show abstract

Studies on Disappearance of Malachite Green in Cultured Rainbow Trout

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

In vitro interactions of malachite green and leucomalachite green with hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme systems in the rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss)

In vitro interactions of malachite green and leucomalachite green with hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme systems in the rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss)

Malachite green in food

Saprolmycins A–E, new angucycline antibiotics active against Saprolegnia parasitica

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About