Studies on buoyancy driven two-directional smoke flow layering length with combination of point extraction and longitudinal ventilation in tunnel fires

Studies on Smoke Temperature Distribution in a Building Corridor Based on Reduced-scale Experiments

“…Ukleja et al (2013) investigated the smoke concentration inside and outside of a reducedscale model of a corridor-like enclosure. Based on theoretical analysis, Chen et al (2013) developed a model to predict the buoyancy-driven smoke flow layering length beneath the ceiling with a combination of point extraction and longitudinal ventilation in tunnel fires, and confirmed the effectiveness of the model by reduced-scale experiments. Li et al (2011) established a simplified calculation to predict the velocity, temperature, and thickness of the smoke layer in a long corridor, and the model was validated by reduced-scale experiments.…”

Thermal buoyant smoke back-layering flow length in a longitudinal ventilated tunnel with ceiling extraction at difference distance from heat source

“…6 compares the experimental results of thermallydriven smoke back-layering flow length with predictions by the proposed model (Eqs. (18)e (20)). It can be observed that the proposed model can well predict the thermally-driven smoke backlayering flow length for different heat source-extraction opening distances with the combination of longitudinal ventilation and ceiling extraction at different heat release rates.…”

“…Ingason [17] conducted experiments to study the hot smoke flow control with the single point and two-point ceiling extraction systems under different heat sources and flow conditions of either forced longitudinal ventilation or natural ventilation. In our previous work [18], we have developed global models to predict the two-directional hot smoke flow layering lengths upstream and downstream of the heat source in a tunnel with combination of ceiling extraction and longitudinal ventilation, in which the ceiling extraction opening is considered to be right above the heat source, i.e., the distance between the extraction opening and heat source is zero:…”

Flame extension lengths beneath a confined ceiling induced by fire in a channel with longitudinal air flow

“…Figure 1 shows the experimental setup. Experiments were carried out in a 72 m long channel [24] with two different channeled ceiling widths (0.5 m and 1.5 m respectively, as shown in Fig. 1b).…”

“…2(b), and then to a binary image as shown in Fig. 2(c), based on the thresholds obtained objectively using the Otsu method [24][25][26]. Then, the binary images were averaged to get the flame intermittency contour as shown in Fig.…”