Studies on Alternaria allergens

Yunginger, John W.; Roberts, Glenn D.; Gleich, Gerald J.

doi:10.1016/0091-6749(76)90085-3

Cited by 47 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although the numbers tested were small the results of total serum IgE estimations have not been greatly helpful in sorting out allergic from non-allergic subjects. The statement of Yunginger and Gleich (1971) regarding the value of total serum IgE estimations in the identification of allergic patients was shown to be generally correct in our patients; there were notable exceptions, however. The considerations which must be taken into account in this respect are the well-known seasonal variations in IgE levels (Kumar et ah, 1971), changes in the level of IgE which occur with therapy, particularly corticosteroids (Yunginger and Gleich, 1971) and the changes related to the prevailing degree of challenge and sensitization at the time of the estimation (Henerson et ah, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…The statement of Yunginger and Gleich (1971) regarding the value of total serum IgE estimations in the identification of allergic patients was shown to be generally correct in our patients; there were notable exceptions, however. The considerations which must be taken into account in this respect are the well-known seasonal variations in IgE levels (Kumar et ah, 1971), changes in the level of IgE which occur with therapy, particularly corticosteroids (Yunginger and Gleich, 1971) and the changes related to the prevailing degree of challenge and sensitization at the time of the estimation (Henerson et ah, 1971). Specific serum IgE levels using a radioallergosorbent method (Wide et ah, 1967;Gleich and Jones, 1975) or possibly even estimation of local specific IgE production may prove to be of greater use.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Specific serum IgE levels using a radioallergosorbent method (Wide et ah, 1967;Gleich and Jones, 1975) or possibly even estimation of local specific IgE production may prove to be of greater use. There is in fact conflicting evidence as to the production of IgE by the plasma cells within nasal polypi; the suggestion of Donovan et al (1970) thatimmunoglobulins within nasal polyps are incorporated therein by a passive adsorption from the serum has not been confirmed by Yunginger and Gleich (1971) and by Whiteside et ah (1975) who have shown that immunoglobulins including IgE are synthetized locally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple nasal polyps and allergic manifestations

et al. 1978

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple nasal polyps and allergic manifestations

et al. 1978

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“…13 A concentration of 3x10 3 m -3 hr -1 is considered to be the threshold level for sensitization of susceptible individuals and provocation of symptoms. 12,14 The data indicate that the maximum density, particularly in the coastal cities, approaches or even exceeds this level on many occasions. However, this level is only attained in March at one location and during November at the other in the Riyadh area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cladosporium as an Airborne Allergen in Saudi Arabia

As²,

Harfi³

et al. 1994

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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Airborne mold monitoring in three cities in Saudi Arabia has documented the presence of Cladosporium in high concentrations. The spore counts reached threshold levels for sensitization at Jeddah and Al-Khobar with prominent seasonal variations. The concentration in Riyadh (central region) showed levels with minor fluctuations and a minor peak towards the month of November. Indoor monitoring also revealed the presence of Cladosporium. Ten species of Cladosporium were identified with C. sphaerospermum, C. herbarum, C. cladosporoides and C. macrocarpum being most prevalent. The species are relevant in relation to extracts for diagnosis. Skin testing of asthmatic children in Riyadh and Makkah revealed reactivities to Cladosporium extract of 5.8% and 31.3%, respectively. This indicates that Cladosporium may be an important allergen in the region that necessitates further biochemical and immunochemical studies to confirm the allergenic impact of the species of Cladosporium prevalent in the region. The regional prevalence of mold allergies varies considerably. In northern latitudes, 4% to 10% of atopic patients react to the common mold allergens, whereas in more southern countries, 20% to 30% mold reactivity has been reported.2 Molds are ubiquitous in nature, and the occurrence of various species of fungi in outdoor and indoor environments from many parts of the world has been reported. 3 Occurrence of some fungi in the Saudi environment has also been reported. 4,5 Cladosporium (CLD) is among frequent causes of mold allergy. 6 The amount of mold spores in the air is quite variable and related to the life cycle of local crops, foliage, dead plant particles as well as seasonal fluctuations in temperature and humidity.Case histories of patients with mold allergy may be quite variable, since other sensitivities may confuse the matter. Most of the mold sensitive patients show frequent symptoms over long periods due to continuous exposure to the allergens. To investigate mold allergy in a certain geographical region, the prevalent mold spores have to be considered. The allergen panel should then be selected based on the findings along with the patient's clinical history.For the diagnosis of mold allergy, the skin prick test is still widely used. 7 However, the reliability of this test is hampered by large variations in allergenic extract quality. This is complicated further by the presence of different species of the same mold genus. With regard to CLD, 62 species have been recognized. 8,9 Different commercial allergen manufacturers use different species. In addition, it is often experienced that mold extracts cause nonspecific skin reactions due to their content of nonallergenic skin irritating components. Positive skin tests can be confirmed by determination of specific IgE-antibodies by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Inhalant provocation test can also be used in selected cases. However, this assay is often very cumbersome and time consuming. It has been shown that in patients with asthma induced by molds, the results o...

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“…Several studies have shown that the accuracy and correlation of the results from in vivo and in vitro assays are often not in concordance due to the variability of the fungal extracts used in the different diagnostic tests [43,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Variability Of Commercial Fungal Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems Encountered Using Fungal Extracts as Test Solutions for Fungal Allergy Diagnosis

Pfeiffer,

Swoboda

2023

JoF

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Fungal allergy is a worldwide public health burden, and problems associated with a reliable allergy diagnosis are far from being solved. Especially, the lack of high-quality standardized fungal extracts contributes to the underdiagnosis of fungal allergy. Compared to the manufacturing processes of extracts from other allergen sources, the processes used to manufacture extracts from fungi show the highest variability. The reasons for the high variability are manifold as the starting material, the growth conditions, the protein extraction methods, and the storage conditions all have an influence on the presence and quantity of individual allergens. Despite the vast variety of studies that have analyzed the impact of the different production steps on the allergenicity of fungal allergen extracts, much remains unknown. This review points to the need for further research in the field of fungal allergology, for standardization and for generally accepted guidelines on the preparation of fungal allergen extracts. In particular, the standardization of fungal extracts has been and will continue to be difficult, but it will be crucial for improving allergy diagnosis and therapy.

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Studies on Alternaria allergens

Cited by 47 publications

References 13 publications

Simple nasal polyps and allergic manifestations

Simple nasal polyps and allergic manifestations

Cladosporium as an Airborne Allergen in Saudi Arabia

Problems Encountered Using Fungal Extracts as Test Solutions for Fungal Allergy Diagnosis

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