Studies of the Role of the Liver in Human Carbohydrate Metabolism by the Venous Catheter Technic. Ii. Patients With Diabetic Ketosis, Before and After the Administration of Insulin 12

Bondy, Philip K.; Bloom, William; Whitner, V S; Farrar, Betty W.

doi:10.1172/jci102146

Cited by 169 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Following the institution of therapy, the rate of glycogen accumulation by the liver increased over a seven-hour observation period. This finding agrees with the studies of splanchnic glucose balance in human beings during treatment for diabetic ketosis (22). In these patients, there was a latent period of approximately one hour after the administration of large amounts of insulin intravenously before the splanchnic system began to retain glucose.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Changes in Liver Glycogen Studied by the Needle Aspiration Technic in Patients With Diabetic Ketosis. With a Method for the Estimation of Glycogen From Histologic Preparations 1

Bondy

Sheldon²,

Evans³

1949

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Changes in Liver Glycogen Studied by the Needle Aspiration Technic in Patients With Diabetic Ketosis. With a Method for the Estimation of Glycogen From Histologic Preparations 1

Bondy

Sheldon²,

Evans³

1949

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…This finding is in agreement with previous observations in nonketotic hyperglycemic patients with diabetes studied by means of the hepatic venous catheter technique (2,3) or by isotopic methods for the estimation of blood glucose replacement rate (4)(5)(6). Ih contrast to these findings, patients in a more severe diabetic state as indicated by ketoacidosis (15) or hyperglycemia exceeding 400 mg/100 ml (16) have an accelerated rate of splanchnic glucose production. The failure to observe an elevation in hepatic glucose output in the curernt study thus may be due to a residual effect of the last dose of insulin which served to prevent ketosis as well as an increase in glucose release at the time of study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Splanchnic and peripheral glucose and amino acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus

Wahren¹,

Felig²,

Cerasi³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

305

132

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A B ST R A CT Splanchnic and leg exchange of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and individual plasma amino acids was studied in diabetics 24 hr after withdrawal of insulin and in healthy controls. Measurements were made in the basal postabsorptive state and during the administration of glucose at a rate of 2 mg/kg per min for 45 min.In the basal state, net splanchnic glucose production did not differ significantly between diabetics and controls. However, splanchnic uptake of alanine and other glycogenic amino acids was 11-2 times greater in the diabetics, while lactate and pyruvate uptake was increased by 65-115%. Splanchnic uptake of these glucose precursors could account for 32% of hepatic glucose output in the diabetics, as compared to 20% in the controls. This increase in precursor uptake was a consequence of a two-to threefold increment in fractional extraction of these substrates inasmuch as arterial levels of alanine, glycine, and threonine were reduced in the diabetics, while the levels of the remaining substrates were similar in the two groups. Peripheral output of alanine and other glycogenic amino acids as reflected in arterio-femoral venous differences was similar in both groups. An elevation in arterial valine, leucine, and isoleucine was observed in the diabetics, but could not be accounted for on the basis of altera- Administration of glucose (2 mg/kg per min) for 45 min resulted in an 80% reduction in splanchnic glucose output in controls, but failed to inhibit hepatic glucose release in the diabetics despite a twofold greater increment in arterial glucose levels. In both groups no consistent changes in arterial glucagon were observed during the infusion.It is concluded that in nonketotic diabetics (a) total splanchnic output of glucose is comparable to controls, but the relative contribution of gluconeogenesis may be increased by more than 50%; (b) accelerated splanchnic uptake of glucose precursors is a consequence of increased hepatic extraction of available substrates rather than a result of augmented substrate supply; and (c) the failure of glucose infusion to inhibit hepatic glucose output suggests that the exquisite sensitivity of the liver to the infusion of glucose in normal man is a consequence of glucose-induced insulin secretion. INTRODUCTIONThe contribution of altered hepatic glucose balance to the metabolic defect in diabetes mellitus has long been the subject of inquiry and debate. Numerous investigations employing the hepatic venous catheter technique (2, 3), or isotope dilution methods (4-6), have provided data on the net rate of hepatic glucose release and on systemic glucose turnover in diabetic patients. Little is known, however, about the effect of diabetes on the hepatic uptake and peripheral release of glucose precursors. Specifically, the question of whether an augmentation in substrate availability or alterations in

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“…PHB is a homopolymer comprised of monomer 3-hydroxybutyric acid units (HBA). As one of the ketone bodies, HBA plays the vital role of carbon supply in mammalian systems responding to periods of prolonged starvation or suffering from diabetes mellitus (Bondy et al 1949). Foster and Tighe have shown that microbial HBA is chemically identical to its mammalian counterpart and is recognised and processed by mammalian enzymes (Foster and Tighe 1995).…”

Section: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (Phas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

PEGylation and BioPEGylation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications

Foster¹

2010

Biopolymers

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Studies of the Role of the Liver in Human Carbohydrate Metabolism by the Venous Catheter Technic. Ii. Patients With Diabetic Ketosis, Before and After the Administration of Insulin 12

Cited by 169 publications

References 8 publications

Changes in Liver Glycogen Studied by the Needle Aspiration Technic in Patients With Diabetic Ketosis. With a Method for the Estimation of Glycogen From Histologic Preparations 1

Changes in Liver Glycogen Studied by the Needle Aspiration Technic in Patients With Diabetic Ketosis. With a Method for the Estimation of Glycogen From Histologic Preparations 1

Splanchnic and peripheral glucose and amino acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus

PEGylation and BioPEGylation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications

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