Studies of the Reproductive Cycle of the Bobwhite Quail

Baldini, J. T.; Roberts, Roy E.; Kirkpatrick, Charles M.

doi:10.2307/3797185

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This maturation is indicated by the apparent absence of nonbreeding females during favorable years under natural conditions, known regular breeding by females still carrying juvenal outer primaries, and consistent breeding under captive conditions of birds less than a year old. Bobwhites reared in captivity usually attain sexual maturity at 139 to 185 days under lighted conditions (Baldini, Roberts, and Kirkpatrick, 1952), and scaled quail have laid fertile eggs in my laboratory within 160 days after hatching. My graduate students and I have also regularly obtained breeding from yearlings of all the other quail species we have maintained in captivity.…”

Section: Reproductive Biology Of the New World Quailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The North American Quails, Partridges, and Pheasants

Johnsgard¹

2017

Zea Books

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This book documents the biology of six species of New World quails that are native to North America north of Mexico (mountain, scaled, Gambel's, California, and Montezuma quails, and the northern bobwhite), three introduced Old World partridges (chukar, Himalayan snowcock, and gray partridge), and the introduced common (ring-necked) pheasant. Collectively, quails, partridges, and pheasants range throughout all of the continental United States and the Canadian provinces. Two of the species, the northern bobwhite and ring-necked pheasant, are the most economically important of all North American upland game birds. All of the species are hunted extensively for sport and are highly popular with naturalists, birders, and other outdoor enthusiasts. The New World quails and Old World partridges share many basic aspects of social and reproductive behavior, such as gathering during nonbreeding periods into small, usually closely related coveys. They also all exhibit prolonged monogamous pair-bonding, biparental brood care, reduced sexual dimorphism in adult plumages and body mass, and a high diversity of vocalizations associated with covey, family, and pair interactions. As relatively small species with high mortality rates, they have evolved rapid periods to sexual maturity, unusually large clutch sizes that are among the largest of all birds, and pairings that regularly attempt to renest following nest failures. By comparison, the ring-necked pheasant is one of the Old World pheasants, which form less cohesive and less tightly structured flocks and have evolved nonmonogamous (polygynous or promiscuous) breeding strategies. Adult pheasants exhibit strong sexual dimorphism in plumage, body mass, and sexual behavior. Adult males have sharp tarsal spurs that are used during fights when establishing dominance status, and they perform some of the most spectacular sexual advertisement displays of all birds. Clutch sizes average considerably smaller than those of quails and partridges, whereas brooding durations and durations to sexual maturity are longer. The book totals more than 85,000 words and includes about 1,100 literature citations, 29 pages of drawings, 27 photos, and 11 maps. Together with an earlier volume on grouse, it completes a survey of the biology and behavior of all 19 native and introduced species of North American quails, partridges, and pheasants.

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Section: Reproductive Biology Of the New World Quailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The North American Quails, Partridges, and Pheasants

Johnsgard¹

2017

Zea Books

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“…For highly polygynous mating systems, N e is much smaller than N (Nunney ). Early studies (Stoddard , Leopold ) reported bobwhites as monogamous, but more recent studies suggest polygyny (Baldini et al , Curtis et al ) and polyandry (Burger et al ). Difficulties of establishing parentage without genetic tools have obscured the relative contribution of each individual to the next generation.…”

Section: Survival Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Two centuries of human‐mediated gene flow in northern bobwhites

2017

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The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) population decline has prompted several studies over the past decade investigating bobwhite population genetics and overall connectivity. The zeitgeist of current quail conservation is that bobwhite populations have become increasingly fragmented, leading to their decline as a result of reduced fitness associated with effects from small population size. A few studies exploring population-level patterns of genetic connectivity at the local scale have identified some areas possessing limited gene flow likely due to recent anthropogenic landscape changes. Interestingly, however, multiple studies using genetic methods have also suggested that the species has experienced a recent range-wide expansion with few barriers to dispersal, suggesting a large panmictic population. Although the above are both supported by empirical data, we highlight another possibility that has been proposed yet rarely investigated. Millions of wild bobwhites have been transported among populations, and millions more captive-reared bobwhites have been and continue to be released across the species' range. Given the massive scale at which bobwhites have been artificially dispersed, more research is needed to investigate the effects of introgression of nonlocal birds on our ability to understand recent changes in bobwhite population fragmentation, size, and diversity. Such information has important management implications to long-term bobwhite population sustainability. By quantifying the level of human-mediated bobwhite dispersal events, our review cautions against assigning evolutionary or conservation significance to patterns of genetic connectivity among bobwhite populations until a more systematic effort is made to verify that such activities have not affected our ability to identify natural gene-flow patterns at both local and broadscale distributions. Ó 2017 The Wildlife Society.

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“…This is indicated by the apparent absence of nonbreeding females during favorable years under natural conditions, known regular breeding by females still carrying juvenal outer primaries, and consistent breeding under captive conditions of birds less than a year old. Bobwhites reared in captivity usually attain sexual maturity at between 139 and 185 days under lighted conditions (Baldini, Roberts, and Kirkpatrick, 1952), and scaled quail have laid fertile eggs in our laboratory within 160 days after hatching. We have also regularly obtained breeding from yearlings of all other quail species we have maintained in captivity.…”

Section: Age Of Sexual Maturity and Incidence Of Nonbreedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grouse and Quails of North America

Bendell¹,

Johnsgard²

1975

The Journal of Wildlife Management

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22. Current Distribution of the Sage Grouse 23. Sequence of the Ventro-forward Display of the Sage Grouse 24. Current Distribution of the Blue Grouse 25. Current Distribution of the Spruce Grouse 26. Current North American Distribution of the Willow Ptarmigan 27. Current North American Distribution of the Rock Ptarmigan 229 28. Current Distribution of the White-tailed Ptarmigan 29. Current Distribution of the Ruffed Grouse 258 30. Drumming Display and Rush Display of the Ruffed Grouse 269 31. Current Distribution of Prairie Chickens 278 32. Current and Recent Distributions of the Sharp-tailed Grouse 33. Current Distributions of Tree Quails 34. Distribution of Available Records of the Barred Quail 35. Distributions of Mountain and Barred Quails 36. Current Distribution of the Scaled Quail 359 37. Current Distribution of the Gambel Quail 379 38. Distributions of the California and Elegant Quails 39. Current Continental Distributions of Bobwhites 40. Distribution of Bobwhites in Southern Mexico and Adjacent Areas 41. Current Distribution of the Spotted Wood Quail -+-+xi++Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, the Los Angeles County Museum, the Denver Museum of Natural History, the James Ford Bell Museum of Natural History in Minneapolis, and the Chicago Zoological Park. The Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology very kindly allowed me to reproduce a previousIy unpublished painting by L.A. Fuertes, and in addition provided copies of several sound recordings. Nearly all of the United States and Canadian game and wildlife agencies provided me with information about hunting seasons and, in many cases, data on estimated upland game harvests. The Secretaria de Agricultura y Ganaderia of Mexico and its director general, Dr. R. H. Corzo, facilitated my Mexican field work and provided the necessary permits for collecting specimens. Among the individuals who have personally assisted me I am particularly indebted to C. G. ("Bud") Pritchard, who painstakingly prepared five of the color paintings included in the book, and whose meticulous attention to the smallest details of feather and soft-part characteristics unfortunately cannot be adequately reproduced by the printing process. Likewise, on short notice John O'Neill set aside his other obligations to produce two stunning paintings of Mexican quail species that testify both to his great artistic abilities and to his personal familiarity with these tropical forest birds. Without the splendid paintings by these artists the book would have much less value and attractiveness. Charles Hjelte of the Colorado Department of Natural Resources very kindly allowed me to reproduce three excellent paintings done for that department by Dexter Landau, for which I am most grateful. Other persons who personally helped me are too numerous to mention individually, but I cannot neglect Andrew Prieto or Edmund Sallee, who accompanied me on my Mexican trips, or Clait Braun, James Inder, and John Lewis, who assisted me with my field work in the United States and Canada. Dr. Starker Leopold gave me val...

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Studies of the Reproductive Cycle of the Bobwhite Quail

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

The North American Quails, Partridges, and Pheasants

The North American Quails, Partridges, and Pheasants

Two centuries of human‐mediated gene flow in northern bobwhites

Grouse and Quails of North America

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