Studies of the growth kinetics of CaF2(111) by molecular beam methods and atomic force microscopy

Crystal form, defects and growth of the metal organic framework HKUST-1 revealed by atomic force microscopy

“…E-mail: m.attfield@manchester.ac.uk; Fax: +44 (0)161 275 4598; Tel: +44 (0)161 306 4467 spiral centres increases which probably reflects the difference in relative importance of surface diffusion to ledge diffusion with size of the steps during growth. 13 Spiral growth, as observed for HKUST-1, is the predominant crystal growth process to have been reported in high-resolution AFM studies of metal-ligand coordination polymers and metallorganic complex compounds. 14,15,16,17 Atomistic modelling of the screw dislocation structure, using a similar approach to that recently used for zeolite A, 18 suggests that the dislocation has <110> character and may result in pore blockage parallel and perpendicular to the dislocation core.…”

Effect of surface orientation on dissolution rates and topography of CaF2

“…Hence, considering a specific surface energy for each reference plane, the energy of any surface will be a function of the relative contribution of the reference planes and their respective surface energy. In addition, the interception of these planes form step sites where atoms are deficiently bonded, and therefore have higher energy (Puchin et al, 2001;Schick et al, 2004). These sites further contribute to the overall energy of a surface of specific crystallographic orientation.…”

“…The natural cleavage plane of the fluorite structure {1 1 1} (Tasker, 1979), was previously studied by scanning probe microscopy during growth (Hillner et al, 1993;Guntram and Werner, 1997;Schick et al, 2004), dissolution (Hillner et al, 1993;Guntram and Werner, 1997;Cama et al, 2010) and heating (Engelhardt et al, 2000). The observed changes on the surface during those processes include the formation of steps 0.33 nm high, corresponding to one F-Ca-F layer, and facets along {1 1 0} leading to the formation of triangular pits, which is attributed to the three fold symmetry of the {1 1 1} planes.…”

Morphology and texture evolution of nanostructured CaF2films on amorphous substrates under oblique incidence flux

“…Among the charged surfaces {111} is stable, but {100} produces a polarizing electric field in the bulk [33] and makes the surface unstable [30,34,35]. Therefore, in the absence of a substantial reconstruction or an adsorption of alien species on the {100} surface, the general designation of the {100} face as the growth face of CaF 2 should be restricted to the case of growth in natural environments [36,37]. This rules out the possibility of having [111] as the out-of-plane orientation in the CaF 2 film.…”