Studies of oxygen reduction reaction active sites and stability of nitrogen-modified carbon composite catalysts for PEM fuel cells

Liu, Gang; Li, Xuguang; Ganesan, P.; Popov, Branko N.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.055

Cited by 318 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The narrow Zr 3d spectra were collected from 174 to 194 eV. All of the spectra were obtained under identical conditions and calibrated against a value of the C 1s binding energy of 284.5 eV [29]. Measures on selected samples were repeated at least three times on different spots; furthermore, on one sample the measurement was repeated from the beginning on a different portion of it, to estimate the precision of the values obtained.…”

Section: Size-structural Characterization Of Supported Zro 2 Nanopartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis optimization of carbon-supported ZrO2 nanoparticles from different organometallic precursors

et al. 2017

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We report here the synthesis of carbon-supported ZrO 2 nanoparticles from zirconium oxyphthalocyanine (ZrOPc) and acetylacetonate [Zr(acac) 4 ]. Using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), we could investigate the thermal decomposition behavior of the chosen precursors. According to those results, we chose the heat treatment temperatures (T HT ) using partial oxidizing (PO) and reducing (RED) atmosphere. By X-ray diffraction we detected structure and size of the nanoparticles; the size was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. ZrO 2 formation happens at lower temperature with Zr(acac) 4 than with ZrOPc, due to the lower thermal stability and a higher oxygen amount in Zr(acac) 4 . Using ZrOPc at T HT C900°C, PO conditions facilitate the crystallite growth and formation of distinct tetragonal ZrO 2 , while with Zr(acac) 4 a distinct tetragonal ZrO 2 phase is observed already at T HT C750°C in both RED and PO conditions. Tuning of ZrO 2 nanocrystallite size from 5 to 9 nm by varying the precursor loading is also demonstrated. The chemical state of zirconium was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which confirms ZrO 2 formation from different synthesis routes.

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Section: Size-structural Characterization Of Supported Zro 2 Nanopartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis optimization of carbon-supported ZrO2 nanoparticles from different organometallic precursors

et al. 2017

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“…Oh et al [63] modified carbon black, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers with nitrogen and showed that the nanofibers performed best in a H 2 /O 2 fuel cell due to their high nitrogen content and edge plane exposure. The performance decrease of the fuel cell was 215 µA cm -2 h -1 over a 120 h test at 0.4 V. Liu et al [64] studied the nitrogen structure of a N-modified carbon before and after a H 2 /O 2 fuel cell test of 100 h and they linked the stability of the catalyst to the quarternary nitrogens, while pyridinic nitrogens protonate under the acidic conditions and become inactive. Similar conclusion about durability was made by Dorjgotov et al [65] and they also showed performance equivalent of Pt catalyst in H 2 /O 2 fuel cell (0.52 A cm -2 at 0.6 V).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient cathode catalyst layer based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for the alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

Kanninen

Borghei

Sorsa

et al. 2014

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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“…Furthermore, the presence of transition metals can enhance the electron donor property of the carbon matrix by catalyzing nitrogen doped graphitic carbon structure during the pyrolysis step [19]. This structure weakens the O-O bond via bonding between oxygen and nitrogen and/or the adjacent carbon atoms and facilitate the oxygen reduction reaction [24]. Apart from the disagreement on the ORR active sites, little, especially single transition metal promotion, has been currently known about the activity and stability of these non-precious cathode catalysts in the acidic operating conditions of PEMFCs [25,26].…”

Section: Characterization Of Ilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step synthesis of dual-transition metal substitution on ionic liquid based N-doped mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction reaction

Byambasuren

Jeon

et al. 2016

Carbon letters

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Nitrogen (N)-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with a dual transition metal system were synthesized as non-Pt catalysts for the ORR. The highly nitrogen doped OMCs were prepared by the precursor of ionic liquid (3-methyl-1-butylpyridine dicyanamide) for N/C species and a mesoporous silica template for the physical structure. Mostly, N-doped carbons are promoted by a single transition metal to improve catalytic activity for ORR in PEMFCs. In this study, our N-doped mesoporous carbons were promoted by the dual transition metals of iron and cobalt (Fe, Co), which were incorporated into the N-doped carbons lattice by subsequently heat treatments. All the prepared carbons were characterized by via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To evaluate the activities of synthesized doped carbons, linear sweep was recorded in an acidic solution to compare the ORR catalytic activities values for the use in the PEMFC system. The dual transition metal promotion improved the ORR activity compared with the single transition metal promotion, due to the increase in the quaternary nitrogen species from the structural change by the dual metals. The effect of different ratio of the dual metals into the N doped carbon were examined to evaluate the activities of the oxygen reduction reaction.

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Studies of oxygen reduction reaction active sites and stability of nitrogen-modified carbon composite catalysts for PEM fuel cells

Cited by 318 publications

References 30 publications

Synthesis optimization of carbon-supported ZrO2 nanoparticles from different organometallic precursors

Synthesis optimization of carbon-supported ZrO2 nanoparticles from different organometallic precursors

Highly efficient cathode catalyst layer based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for the alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

One-step synthesis of dual-transition metal substitution on ionic liquid based N-doped mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction reaction

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