Studies of onion root respiration I. Velocity of oxygen consumption in different segments of root at different temperatures as a function of partial pressure of oxygen

Berry, L. Joe; Norris, W. E.

doi:10.1016/0006-3002(49)90133-x

Cited by 92 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The slight and constant rate of starch grain deposition under aerated condition was due to normal growth of plants and the much deposition of grains in the preliminary stage under stagnant condition might be due to the resistance of its utilization which was diminished by longer existence of adverse situation. Cell division under stagnant condition has been reported to be arrested (Berry and Norris Jr., 1949;Williamson, 1968;Summers and Jackson, 1994). Therefore, the shortening of meristematic zone in the present study was probably due to the cessation of cell division in that region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Anatomical Responses of Roots in Trifoliate Orange Budded with Satsuma Mandarin to Aerated and Stagnant Culture Solutions

Mohammad¹,

Shiraishi²

1999

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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Anatomical responses of roots in trifoliate orange budded with satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Okitsu Wase) to aerated and stagnant culture solutions were investigated. Roots, under aerated condition, had sharply pointed tips and showed intact anatomical features having a few starch grains on the rootcap and cortical cells. The cortical cells were smaller close to the root tip and gradually became elongated towards the base. All these characteristics maintained the same level even up to 10 days of observations. On the contrary, under stagnant condition, secretion of mucilaginous substances and root tip injuries were found on the 3rd day of induction which became more conspicuous on the 5th. These injuries resulted the severe sloughing of cells and starch grain degradation in the rootcap. Eight day induced roots displayed more distinct root tip injuries and discharging of mucilaginous substances. On the 10th day, air spacing between the cortical cells were conspicuous. Epidermal injuries were also evidenced sporadically on the 5th day and became more severe subsequently. Degradation of starch grains gradually completed in the cortical cells along the exposure time. The enlargement of periblemic cells were noticed which gradually resulted larger cells close to the root apex on longer exposures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Anatomical Responses of Roots in Trifoliate Orange Budded with Satsuma Mandarin to Aerated and Stagnant Culture Solutions

Mohammad¹,

Shiraishi²

1999

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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“…the oxygen concentration, below which respiration is concentration-dependent (Berry & Norris, 1949). This conclusion is mainly based on experiments performed at 20-25°C; however, soil temperatures in temperate regions are generally much lower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This conclusion is mainly based on experiments performed at 20-25°C; however, soil temperatures in temperate regions are generally much lower. The reaction rate of an enzymatic process is strongly dependent on temperature, while diffusion is only slightly influenced (Berry & Norris, 1949;Ngo & Laidler, 1978;Bienfait et a l., 1983), and therefore temperature may determine to a large extent whether oxygen uptake of a particular root system is limited predominantly by diffusion or by enzyme kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen uptake by roots of Rumex species at different temperatures: the relative importance of diffusive resistance and enzyme kinetics

Laan

Tosserams

Huys

et al. 1991

Plant Cell & Environment

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Abstract. Oxygen uptake characteristics of the roots of three Rumex species were compared, and related to kinetics of the respiratory system and to root anatomy. The observed differences could not be explained by differences in fundamental characteristics of the oxygen uptake system: with all three species, cytochromemediated respiration contributed 70% and cyanideinsensitive (alternative) respiration 30% of the total respiration rate, and apparent Km values of cytochrome oxidase were lower than those obtained for the alterna tive oxidase in all cases. However, differences in critical oxygen pressure for respiration (COPR) and in apparent Km for oxygen, were strongly correlated with differences in root porosity and root diameter. Km( 0 2) values at high and low temperatures were determined, and from Arrhenius plots of oxygen uptake rates between 11 and 32°C, the role of diffusional impedance could be esti mated. Root respiration of Rumex maritimus and R. crispus, both with high root porosity, but differing in root diameter, had a low Km for oxygen (3-7 mmol m -3).In contrast with this were the responses of R. thyrsiflorus, which has thin roots but low root porosity: a high Km (10-20 mmol m-3) was found at all temperatures. The role of diffusional impedance as a function of temperature in oxygen uptake rate by the three species is discussed and related to the differential resistance of the species towards flooding.

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“…The concept of a developing anoxic core in roots is not new; it was first proposed by Berry & Norris (1949) 1982; Jackson et al, 1985). The modelling of aeration in the submerged root as a multicyIindrical diffusion system with a 'low-resistance' axial transport path (the cortex) and 'high-resistance' radial paths (the stele and wall layers) has more fully emphasized the potential for stelar anoxia development in roots, and the implications could be quite far-reaching.…”

Section: Final Comments and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assumption is based on a variety of reports, including those of Berry & Norris (1949), Greenwood (1968) and Armstrong & Gaynard (1976), and it may ultimately need to be modified.…”

Section: Root Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Aeration and Development of Stela Anoxia in Submerged Roots

1987

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SUMMARYA case is presented for progressing from mathematical models of root aeration which assume complete radial homogeneity in respiratory demand and oxygen diffusivity to models which accommodate radial differences between the various tissue cylinders. The described model simulates aeration in submerged roots and allows for axial gas-phase diffusion in the cortex and radial liquid-phase diffusion elsewhere. It also accommodates diffusion into the rhizosphere and axial and radial differences in the root's properties on a tissue cylinder basis.The results, based on the characteristics of aerenchymatous graminean roots, highlight the potential for stelar anoxia and some wall-layer anoxia in submerged, and even non-submerged, roots. They show that, (1) stelar anoxia should raise oxygen levels elsewhere and enhance root extension; (2) with high and constant oxygen diffusivity in the stele, anoxia should first occur close to the apex and spread basally and laterally with further root extension; (3) there will be competition between the oxygen demands of the root and rhizosphere; (4) extension may be reduced by radial oxygen losses into the rhizosphere, but the subapical decline in root-wall permeability in wetland species safeguards against this effect; (5) differences in critical oxygen pressure for extension growth (COPE) and respiration (COPR) may arise; and (6) survival may be helped by the manner in which anoxia spreads with aerobic conditions persisting in the phloem and pericycle until only traces of oxygen remain in the cortex. Sectional profiles of the roots show how oxygen gradients in the stele and wall layers will increase with increasing subapical impedance in these zones and, in the case of the wall layers, by oxygen throughflux to the rhizosphere.Some of the results suggest that inner-stele anoxia might account for some of the hypoxic responses found in roots, and it is predicted that declining stelar oxygen diffusivity in subapical regions will raise COPR but not COPE, the inner-stele becoming anoxic subapically and the apical regions remaining wholly aerobic. This implies the possibility that where roots are described in the literature as hypoxic, because of ethanol production, raised alcohol dehydrogenase activity and reduced energy charge, the symptoms may be sometimes indicative only of some subapical stelar anoxia.The results also serve to illustrate how variable the occurrence and shape of anoxic stelar zones might be. With only a slight alteration in subapical stelar oxygen diffusivity, anoxia could arise simultaneously in two positions along the root, or the first site of anoxia in the growing root might be both subapical and hypobasal. The likelihood of the endodermis in subapical parts being a possible cause of anoxia in roots is also considered.

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Studies of onion root respiration I. Velocity of oxygen consumption in different segments of root at different temperatures as a function of partial pressure of oxygen

Cited by 92 publications

References 18 publications

Anatomical Responses of Roots in Trifoliate Orange Budded with Satsuma Mandarin to Aerated and Stagnant Culture Solutions

Anatomical Responses of Roots in Trifoliate Orange Budded with Satsuma Mandarin to Aerated and Stagnant Culture Solutions

Oxygen uptake by roots of Rumex species at different temperatures: the relative importance of diffusive resistance and enzyme kinetics

Internal Aeration and Development of Stela Anoxia in Submerged Roots

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