Studies of limax amoebae in a Swimming Pool

The effect of chlorine and chlorine dioxide on pathogenic free‐living amoebae (PFLA) in simulated natural conditions: The presence of bacteria and organic matter

“…The cumulative increase in demand may be the reason for the failure of super-chlorination in the case of Anderson & Jamieson (1972), in that there was insufficient FAC for amoebicidal activity to occur after satisfying the bacterial and organic demand. It is also the probable reason for the amoebae surviving behind cracks in the swimming pool wall, where chlorine contact with the organic debris would almost certainly have removed the FAC from the water (Cerva 1971). Cursons et al (1980) speculated that when only bactericidal doses of chlorine were used, the amoebae were still affected indirectly through the consequent removal of the food source.…”

“…There have been numerous reports in the literature of the isolation of pathogenic free-living amoebae (PFLA) in chlorinated domestic and recreational waters (Cerva 1971;Anderson & Jamieson 1972;Cerva & Huldt 1974;De Jonckheere & van de Voorde 1976;Lyons & Kapur 1977). Consequently, public health authorities have expressed concern over the possible contraction of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) from these water sources.…”

“…Consequently, public health authorities have expressed concern over the possible contraction of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) from these water sources. However, Cerva (1971) stated that "the strictest observations of all routine safety measures applied to water systems of swimming pools cannot prevent the constant presence of amoebae of the limax group in these treated water systems." Derreumaux et al (1974) demonstrated that 0.5 mg /"' of HOC1, the active disinfecting component of chlorine treatment, was able to destroy both Naegleria and Acanthamoeba spp.…”

Étude sur la présence d’« amibes libres » dans les eaux des piscines lyonnaises

“…Cette prédominance des amibes appartenant aux genres Hartmannella et Acan thamoeba d'une part, et la rareté relative des amibes du genre Naegleria d'autre part se retrouvent dans les travaux de Cerva (1971) Faut-il en conclure que les amibes du genre Naegleria se rencontrent préféren tiellement au niveau des filtres plutôt que dans l'eau des bassins ?…”

“…Les premières tentatives de dénombrement ont été effectuées par Cerva (1971) qui rapporte, pour la piscine d'Usti, un chiffre d'amibes compris le plus souvent entre 100 et 1 000 amibes au litre et atteignant même, à une occasion, 10 000 amibes au litre.…”