Studies in the Santalaceae

Rao, L. N.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088398

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…2, F-I) as reported previously (Rao 1942). The morphology and development of ovules of these two taxa were found to be indistinguishable, thus they will hereafter be referred to collectively as ''Santalum.''…”

Section: Ovule Morphology In Santalalean Taxasupporting

confidence: 58%

Expression of ovule and integument‐associated genes in reduced ovules of Santalales

Brown

Nickrent

Gasser

2010

Evolution and Development

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Santalales comprise mainly parasitic plants including mistletoes and sandalwoods. Bitegmic ovules similar to those found in most other angiosperms are seen in many members of the order, but other members exhibit evolutionary reductions to the unitegmic and ategmic conditions. In some mistletoes, extreme reduction has resulted in the absence of emergent ovules such that embryo sacs appear to remain embedded in placental tissues. Three santalalean representatives (Comandra, Santalum, and Phoradendron), displaying unitegmic, and ategmic ovules, were studied. Observed ovule morphologies were consistent with published reports, including Phoradendron serotinum, which we interpret as having reduced ategmic ovules, consistent with earlier reports on this species. For further understanding of the nature of the ovule reductions we isolated orthologs of the Arabidopsis genes AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and BELL1 (BEL1), which are associated with ovule development in this species. We observed ovular expression of ANT and BEL1 in patterns largely resembling those seen in the integumented ovules of Arabidopsis. These genes were found to be expressed in the integument of unitegmic ovules and in the surface layers of ategmic ovules, and in some cases, expression of BEL1 was also observed in the surrounding carpel tissue. We hypothesize that ategmic ovules derive from a fusion of the integuments with the nucellus or that the nucellus has taken on some of the characteristics confined to integuments in ancestral species.

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Section: Ovule Morphology In Santalalean Taxasupporting

confidence: 58%

Expression of ovule and integument‐associated genes in reduced ovules of Santalales

Brown

Nickrent

Gasser

2010

Evolution and Development

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“…In summary we showed that ZmES4-GFP fusion proteins accumulate before fertilization in vesicles at the secretory zone of mature synergid cells, which have been considered to represent the glandular cells of the female gametophyte [29],[30],[31]. Upon pollen tube arrival, vesicles contents seem to be released and disappear within 24 h. Using an RNAi knock-down approach, we found that pollen tubes were guided towards the female gametes but fail to release their contents and occasionally show overgrowth inside the egg apparatus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Defensin-Like ZmES4 Mediates Pollen Tube Burst in Maize via Opening of the Potassium Channel KZM1

et al. 2010

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“…The floral structures of some species in the same family, such as Quinchamalium chilense, Thesium wightianum, Osyris arborea, Scleropyrum wallichianum, and Santalum acuminatum, have also been reported (Griffith 1845;Strasburgei 1885;Rao 1942;Paliwal 1956;Agarwal 1961;Sedgley 1982). Previous studies in Santalaceae have indicated that one flower usually has three ovules and three mature embryo sacs with a shape that usually looks like the letter "N" or "S".…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The floral morphology and embryology of S. album have been investigated in earlier studies (Griffith 1836(Griffith , 1845Henfrey 1856;Iyengar 1937;Srinivasa 1937;Rao 1942;Paliwal 1956;Bhatnagar 1959;Sindhuveerendra and Sujatha 1989). The floral structures of some species in the same family, such as Quinchamalium chilense, Thesium wightianum, Osyris arborea, Scleropyrum wallichianum, and Santalum acuminatum, have also been reported (Griffith 1845;Strasburgei 1885;Rao 1942;Paliwal 1956;Agarwal 1961;Sedgley 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Dichogamy in Santalum album L.

Ma¹,

Bunn²,

Jingfeng³

et al. 2006

JIPB

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Flowering, fruit set, embryological development, and pollination trials were investigated in Santalum album L. Each ovary may have three to four ovules. Microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis in the same flower were synchronized at the earlier stages of flower development. However, at anthesis, when pollen was mature, the magaspore had developed only to the stage of a one-to two-nucleus embryo sac. As the eight-nucleus embryo sac developed, some mamelon cells began to undergo programmed cell death, forming holes into which the eight-nucleus embryo sacs extended, becoming "N" or "S" shaped. The development from a two-nucleus embryo sac to a matured eight-nucleus embryo sac lasted up to 10 d. Fruit-set from open pollination was less than 2%. The endosperm develops prior to division of the zygotic embryo and one to three embryos and endosperms were formed in the same fruit. A mature seed usually germinates to produce one seedling; however, two and three seedlings from one seed were also observed, albeit at a low frequency. Pollination trials showed that no seed sets when inflorescences were covered with a bag; however, artificial pollination could improve fruit set. Our pollination trials and embryological studies proved that the flower of S. album is dichogamous and fruit set has high heterozygosity.

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Studies in the Santalaceae

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Expression of ovule and integument‐associated genes in reduced ovules of Santalales

Expression of ovule and integument‐associated genes in reduced ovules of Santalales

Defensin-Like ZmES4 Mediates Pollen Tube Burst in Maize via Opening of the Potassium Channel KZM1

Evidence of Dichogamy in Santalum album L.

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