Species-preferential osmotic pollen tube burst and sperm discharge in maize involve induced opening of the pollen tube-expressed potassium channel KZM1 by the egg apparatus-derived defensin-like protein ZmES4.
Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) is an important crop in Indonesia. Yield potential and genotypic adaptability are important factors in varietal development. The purpose of this study was to estimate the stability of yield and to select the best OFSP genotypes across three agroecosystems in West Java, Indonesia. The field trials used were augmented design with 50 F1 Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) genotypes as treatment, and seven check varieties as controls. The experiments were conducted in three different agroecosystems in West Java (Sumedang, Bandung, and Karawang). Selection was based on physical characteristics of sweet potato tuber, yield and stability across three environments. Data analysis of the yield characters, yield component, and tuber quality were performed by combined variance analysis. Selected genotypes were analyzed for stability yield using the parametric, non-parametric, Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), AMMI Stability Value (ASV), and Genotype and Genotype by Environment (GGE) biplot models. Results identified the top best ten F1 genotypes namely F1-38 (G1), F1-69 (G2), F1-71 (G3), F1-77 (G4), F1-127 (G5), F1-128 (G6), F1-135 (G7), F1-159 (G8), F1-191 (G9), and F1-226 (G10). Location showed a significant effect on yield. Genotypes F1-069, F1-077, F1-226, F1-038, and F1-128 have the lowest ASR based on non-parametric and parametric stability models and there were identified as the most stable. AMMI analysis identified F1-128, F1-135, F1-038, and F1-069 as the most stable genotypes. F1-38 (G1), F1-69 (G2), F1-128 (G6) were found to be the most stable genotypes based on ASV analysis, while GGE biplot identified F1-38 (G1) and F1-69 (G2) genotypes as the stable genotypes. Other genotypes were considered to as location-specific. Based on AMMI, ASV, and GGE Biplot models, F1-038, and F1-069 were identified as stable genotypes. They produced higher yields than other genotypes. Therefore, the F1-038 and F1-069 genotypes can be potentially recommended as superior varieties for West Java, Indonesia.
There are many local varieties of sweet potatoes which are cultivated and consumed in Indonesia. The food industry which uses sweet potato as the main raw material has been developed in West Java. Demand for orange-fleshed sweet potato is high, but the supply of demand has not been fulfilled. This is because the varieties that are widely cultivated do not meet consumer standards and preferences, so new superior genotypes are needed following demand. Currently, selection of stable and high-yielding genotypes and accordance with consumer and industry preferences is one of the focuses of sweet potato research. Orange-fleshed sweet potato multi locations testing in accordance with consumer and industry preferences, can be used as a basis for consideration in the development program. The purpose of this study were to identify genotype by environment interactions (GEIs) and t select superior genotypes and to estimate yield stability across three locations in West Java, Indonesia. Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine significant differences between each genotype tested in term of yield and to estimated genotype by environment interactions (GEIs). Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), Genotype Plus Genotype by Environment Interactions (GGE) biplots, and Parametric and non-parametric stability measurements were used to determine yield stability from genotypes tested in all locations (Sumedang Regency, Bandung Regency, Karawang Regency). Data in this article showed that the genotypes, environments, and GEIs had an effect on sweet potato yields, with influences of 35.03%, 18.87%, and 46.01%, respectively. The results in this data also indicate that some new sweet potato genotypes have stable and high yields in three environments in West Java, Indonesia. So they were can be used for development in sweet potato breeding programs.
We report the identification and functional analysis of TRANSPARENT LEAF AREA1 (TLA1), a maize (Zea mays) gene representing a novel class of secreted, extremely hydrophobic peptides (proteolipids) with a C-terminal Caax box-like motif. ZmTLA1 encodes 27 amino acid residues and is most strongly expressed in the egg cell and microspores. Lower transcript amounts were detected during vegetative development. Transgenic maize expressing an antisense transcript displayed a variety of phenotypes. The most visible phenotypes were dwarfism and transparent leaf areas resulting from defective morphogenesis of mesophyll, bundle sheath, stomatal, and epidermal cells during leaf development. Incomplete cell walls were observed, indicating a defect of cytokinesis. The accumulation of gerontoplasts was probably a secondary effect caused by defects of leaf cell morphogenesis. A defect of anther maturation was observed in ;30% of the plants displaying the tla phenotype. Male sterility was mainly caused by incomplete disintegration of the tapetal cell layers and tetrad callose as 90% of the microspores developed into functional pollen. Overexpression of ZmTLA1 seemed to have a lethal effect both in maize and Arabidopsis thaliana. Development of primary roots, root hairs, primary leaves, and chloroplasts was suppressed in Arabidopsis seedlings expressing an inducible ZmTLA1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein. GFP signals were exclusively detected in cell walls. Based on our observations, we suggest that the ZmTLA1 peptide represents a class of novel plant morphogens required for the development and maturation of leaf and reproductive tissues.
Abstract. Amien S, Maulana H, Ruswandi D, Nurjanah S. 2021. Genetic gain and relationship of yield and yield attributes of mutant and cross-bred stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 3119-3126. Plant breeding programs involved many traits and genetic parameters in the selection process. The information on genetic parameters on yield and other related traits provided an overview for breeders and farmers in selecting new superior genotypes. The purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters including heritability and genetic gains in yield and other traits, to determine the relationship between various traits, and to select superior stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) genotypes for each trait. Field experiments were carried out in two planting environments, namely, the highlands and the medium plains employing a randomized completed block design and each genotype was three replicates. The results showed that the yield had high heritability and genetic gains ??in mutant populations, whereas cross-bred populations had moderate heritability and low genetic gains. Stem weight (SW) and number of leaves (NoL) traits were identified as having high heritability and genetic gains in both populations. The GT biplot measurement showed that the yield was identified to have a significant and positive correlation with SW (p<0.05). H4 was correlated with Number of branches (NoB), Yield, SW, and chlorophyll content (Chl) traits in the cross-bred populations. H9 excelled on and was correlated with NoL and plant height (PH). M11 was identified to be highly correlated with NoL, PH, NoB, and Chl traits in the mutant populations, while M15 excelled on and was correlated with yield and SW. The results of this study revealed that there was a potential for improvement in the traits tested of stevia through cross-bred and mutant populations in different environmental conditions. The selected genotypes can be developed in a suitable environment and used for further stevia plant breeding programs.
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