Studies in the Dynamics of Plant Populations: III. The Influence of Associated Species on Populations of Rumex Acetosa L. and R. Acetosella L. in Grassland

Putwain, P. D.; Harper, John L.

doi:10.2307/2258180

Cited by 116 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…In four genera, viz, Silene, Rumex, Humulus and Cannabis, there is strong evidence that the excess of females is due to gamete selection, as outlined in the introduction. Female proportions higher than 55 per cent have been reported in all four genera (Lewis, 1942;Smith, 1963;uk, 1963;Mulcahy, 1967;Putwain and Harper, 1972). The immediate causes of the less pronounced female predominance (females between 50 and 55 per cent; Lewis, 1942) in Spinacia oleracea and Mercurialis annua are not known.…”

Section: Discussiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A relationship of this kind appears to be present, although the number of species with known female predominance is small. The eight species (excluding Aciphylla aurea and Potentillafruticosa) in which more than 55 per cent females have been reported in natural populations (Lewis, 1942;Smith, 1963;uk, 1963;Mulcahy, 1967;Putwain and Harper, 1972), include all the species in which there is evidence for gamete selection. It is striking that the four genera involved-Rumex, Silene, Humulus and Cannabisare the only known genera of dioecious Angiosperms which have both heteromorphic sex chromosomes and inviable YY genotypes (Westergaard, 1958;Williams, 1964).…”

Section: Discussiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One dioecious species group, Rumex subgenus Acetosella, may have heteromorphic sex chromosomes and also inviable YY genotypes (LOve, 1943;Westergaard, 1958;Singh and Smith, 1971) and yet the males approximately equal or slightly exceed the females in number (Love, 1943;Harris, 1968;Putwain and Harper, 1972). In sugbenus Acetosella, the heteromorphy of the sex chromosomes, if present, is less pronounced than in the female-predominant Rumex species of subgenus Acetosa and the Y chromosome has a strong male-determining role lacking in the latter species.…”

Section: Discussiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FEMALE plants have been reported to be more numerous than male plants in one or more natural populations of dioecious Angiosperm species belonging to at least eight genera (Lewis, 1942 lists earlier counts; Smith, 1963 and1968;uk, 1963;Elkirigton and Woodell, 1963;Godley, 1964;Mulcahy, 1967;Putwain and Harper, 1972). In four of these genera, viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Female-predominant sex ratios in angiosperms

Lloyd

1974

Heredity

112

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A model is presented which expresses the seed production of dioecious and gynodioecious animal-pollinated Angiosperms in terms of the relative seedfecundity of the sexes, the number of pollinator visits to each flower and the sex ratio. The model predicts that the maximum seed set occurs when females predominate, providing the pollinators visit each flower more than once and the seed set of males is not high.

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Section: Discussiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Female-predominant sex ratios in angiosperms

Lloyd

1974

Heredity

112

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“…Paraquat was chosen for the removal treatments in this experiment because the desired effect was removal of the overwintering ramet population while minimizing additional damage to established genets. Paraquat kills red sorrel ramets (Putwain and Harper 1970;Burril et al 1990), but established plants quickly recover and establish new ramets (Putwain and Harper 1970). Paraquat was applied at a rate of 1100 g a.i.…”

Section: Effect Of Pre-and Post-vernalization Ramet Removal Under Fiementioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and post-vernalization ramet removal reduces flowering of red sorrel (Rumex acetosellaL.) in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifoliumAit.)

et al. 2015

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. 2015. Pre-and post-vernalization ramet removal reduces flowering of red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 549Á556. Red sorrel is a common, ramet-producing herbaceous creeping perennial species in wild blueberry fields. Flowering and seed production occur primarily in overwintering ramets in Nova Scotia, Canada, and growers may therefore be able to adopt fairly simple management strategies to reduce or prevent flowering and seed production in this species. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of pre-and post-vernalization ramet removal on red sorrel flowering ramet density under both controlled and field conditions. Under controlled conditions in a growth facility, ramet populations were subject to pre-and post-vernalization clipping treatments to simulate late autumn and early spring ramet removal. Under field conditions, pre-and post-vernalization ramet removal was achieved using postemergence applications of paraquat applied at a rate of 1 100 g a.i. ha(1 in early autumn and spring. Under controlled conditions, pre-and post-vernalization ramet removal reduced the density of flowering ramets by 95% and significantly reduced the frequency of pots with flowering ramets. Autumn and spring applications of paraquat under field conditions significantly reduced the survival of overwintering ramets, resulting in a significant reduction in the density of flowering ramets. Pre-and post-vernalization ramet removal has the potential to be a component of an integrated weed management strategy for red sorrel in wild blueberry.Key words: Vernalization, ramet flowering, ramet removal, Rumex acetosella, Vaccinium angustifolium White, S. N., Boyd, N. S., Van Acker, R. C. et Swanton, C. J. 2015. La suppression des ramets avant et apre`s la vernalisation re´duit la floraison de la roselle (Rumex acetosella L.) chez le bleuet sauvage (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 549Á556. La roselle est une vivace trac¸ante a`ramets qu'on retrouve couramment dans les bleuetie`res. En Nouvelle-É cosse (Canada), la floraison de l'adventice et la production de graines surviennent principalement sur les ramets qui ont surve´cu a`l'hiver, si bien que les cultivateurs pourraient recourir a`des strate´gies de lutte assez simples pour empeˆcher le plus possible l'espe`ce de fleurir et de libe´rer ses semences. La recherche devait e´tablir les conse´quences du retrait des ramets de roselle avant ou apre`s leur vernalisation sur la densite´des ramets florife`res dans des conditions controˆle´es et au champ. Dans une installation de croissance aux conditions controˆle´es, les chercheurs ont coupe´les ramets avant et apre`s leur vernalisation afin de simuler leur e´limination a`la fin de l'automne et au de´but du printemps. Au champ, on a proce´de´a`une suppression manuelle des ramets avant et apre`s la vernalisation par l'application post-leve´e de paraquat a`une concentration de 1 100 g de matie`re active par hectare, au de´but de l'automne et...

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Effects of functional diversity loss on ecosystem functions are influenced by compensation

Pan

Tian

Naeem

et al. 2016

Ecology

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Abstract.Understanding the impacts of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and services has been a central issue in ecology. Experiments in synthetic communities suggest that biodiversity loss may erode a set of ecosystem functions, but studies in natural communities indicate that the effects of biodiversity loss are usually weak and that multiple functions can be sustained by relatively few species. Yet, the mechanisms by which natural ecosystems are able to maintain multiple functions in the face of diversity loss remain poorly understood. With a long-term and large-scale removal experiment in the Inner Mongolian grassland, here we showed that losses of plant functional groups (PFGs) can reduce multiple ecosystem functions, including biomass production, soil NO 3 -N use, net ecosystem carbon exchange, gross ecosystem productivity, and ecosystem respiration, but the magnitudes of these effects depended largely on which PFGs were removed. Removing the two dominant PFGs (perennial rhizomatous grasses and perennial bunchgrasses) simultaneously resulted in dramatic declines in all examined functions, but such declines were circumvented when either dominant PFG was present. We identify the major mechanism for this as a compensation effect by which each dominant PFG can mitigate the losses of others. This study provides evidence that compensation ensuing from PFG losses can mitigate their negative consequence, and thus natural communities may be more resilient to biodiversity loss than currently thought if the remaining PFGs have strong compensation capabilities. On the other hand, ecosystems without well-developed compensatory functional diversity may be much more vulnerable to biodiversity loss.

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Studies in the Dynamics of Plant Populations: III. The Influence of Associated Species on Populations of Rumex Acetosa L. and R. Acetosella L. in Grassland

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

Female-predominant sex ratios in angiosperms

Female-predominant sex ratios in angiosperms

Pre- and post-vernalization ramet removal reduces flowering of red sorrel (Rumex acetosellaL.) in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifoliumAit.)

Effects of functional diversity loss on ecosystem functions are influenced by compensation

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