STUDI KASUS INFEKSI TILAPIA LAKE VIRUS (TiLV) PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract

ABSTRAKIkan nila atau Oreochromis niloticus merupakan ikan konsumsi masyarakat di Indonesia. Kasus kematian massal ikan nila terjadi di beberapa lokasi budaya di Jawa, Lombok, dan Sumatera yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Orthomyxovirus, dan disebut sebagai Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi adanya infeksi TiLV dengan metode semi-nested Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) pada kasus kematian massal ikan nila. Lokasi pengambilan sampel di Desa Sigerongan Kecamatan Lingsar, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Analisis deteksi RT-PCR menggunakan sampel organ otak, ginjal, limpa, dan hati, selanjutnya dilakukan sekuensing. Hasil pengamatan terhadap gejala klinis terhadap ikan nila moribund terlihat kondisi mata yang buram/katarak, serta cekung, abrasi kulit, serta perubahan warna tubuh menjadi lebih gelap. Hasil analisis RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa kejadian kematian massal pada ikan nila suspektif diakibatkan oleh infeksi RNA virus TiLV. Analisis sekuensing menunjukkan bahwa TiLV dari sampel ikan nila di Lombok mempunyai kesamaan identitas genetik 97% dengan TiLV asal Israel (Genebank Accession Number KU 751816.1). KATA KUNCI: nila; TiLV; seminested RT-PCR ABSTRACT:Case study of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection on nila (Oreochromis niloticus

Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus Using Conventional RT-PCR and SYBR Green RT-qPCR

“…There are various aspects to these methods that warrant specific discussion. TiLV has been identified in fish spanning a variety sizes 9,12,14,15,49 and species of tilapia so far, including farmed hybrid tilapia (O. niloticus x O. aureus) 11,14 , Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) 9,10,14,15,16,33,35,36,49,50 and red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) 16,33,48,51 , as well as in wild Nile tilapia 9,12 , black tilapia 51 , T. zilli 14,15 , S. galilaeus, O. aureus and T. simonis intermedia 14 and very recently TiLV was identified in wild carp (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) 52 .…”

“…This disease has serious socio-economic consequences and is a direct threat on food security for millions of people in Africa 7 , Asia and South America. At the start of 2018, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) reported that the etiological agent of this disease, TiLV, had been officially detected on three continents covering eight countries 8 and since this pathogen information card was updated there have been more reports of TiLV in Tanzania, Uganda 9 , Indonesia 10 , Taiwan 11 and Peru 12 . TiLV is a novel single-stranded RNA virus described to be an orthomyxo-like virus because it contains a variety of characteristics reminiscent of other orthomyoxoviruses such as Influenza or Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) 13 .…”

Complete Genome Sequence of a Tilapia Lake Virus Isolate Obtained from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Since 2014, strains of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) have spread globally, causing 10 to 90% mortality in cultured tilapia ( Oreochromis spp. and hybrids) fry, juveniles, and adults in Colombia ( 1 ), Ecuador ( 2 ), Egypt ( 3 ), India ( 4 ), Indonesia ( 5 ), Israel ( 6 ), Malaysia ( 7 ), the Philippines ( 8 ), Peru ( 9 ), Tanzania ( 10 ), Thailand ( 11 ), Taiwan Province of China ( 12 ), and Uganda ( 13 ). Clinical signs associated with TiLV infections include lethargy, anorexia, and swimming at the surface away from schooling tankmates.…”

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV): a Globally Emerging Threat to Tilapia Aquaculture

“…Since 2014, there have been global reports of TiLV disease resulting in 10-90% mortality in tilapia fry, juveniles, and adults causing significant economic losses (Fathi et al 2017 andJensen et al 2018). Currently, the disease has been confirmed in Colombia (Kembou Tsofack et al 2017), Ecuador (Ferguson et al 2014, Subramaniam et al 2019, Egypt (Nicholson et al 2017), India (Behera et al 2018), Indonesia (Koesharyani et al 2018), Israel (Eyngor et al 2014, Malaysia (OIE, 2017a), Mexico (OIE 2018a), Philippines (OIE, 2017b), Peru (OIE, 2018b), Tanzania (Mugimba et al 2018), and Thailand (Surachetpong et al 2017). Despite the global detection of TiLV, it has not yet been found in the United States or Canada.…”