“…Previous research on collaborative classrooms reveals greater student participation (Brown, Iyobe, and Riley 2013;Chow et al 2003;Cordner, Klein, and Baiocchi 2012;); increased sense of ownership and empowerment (Chow et al 2003;Freire [1968Freire [ ] 1993Freire [ , 1998Haynes 2001;Hess 2008;Hudd 2003); higher levels of student engagement, interest, and effort (Cordner et al 2012;McDuff 2012;Pederson 2010;Rau and Heyl 1990;Rinehart 1999); a shift from the model of students as passive recipients to students as active cocreators of their education (Chow et al 2003;Fobes and Kaufman 2008;Hudd 2003;Sweet 1998); and a stronger and closer relationship between students and faculty (Cordner et al 2012;Chow et al 2003;Held and Rosenberg 1983;Mihans, Long, and Felten 2008). Mihans et al (2008:7) report, "[S]tudents on the course design team gained significant new disciplinary knowledge, developed what Hutchings (2005) calls their 'pedagogical intelligence' ('an understanding about how learning happens, and a disposition and capacity to shape one's own learning), and became more capable of and confident in expressing their own expertise in academic settings."…”