Strychnine effects on discrimination learning in mice: Effects of dose and time of administration

McGaugh, James L.; Krivanek, Jara

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(70)90133-2

Cited by 61 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Such doseresponse effects of strychnine have previously been reported in regard to behavioral facilitation in a learning situation [31,33,35], but investigations of strychnine dose-response effects on concomitant neural activity have not been reported. KRIVANEK and MCGAUGH [21] found that pentylenetetrazol effects upon spontaneous EEG activity are dependent upon the dosage of the drug used, but simultaneous behavioral measures were not obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Facilitated habituation: Strychnine dose-response effects on neural and behavioral habituation

Andry

Luttges

1971

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The effects of two doses of strychnine sulfate (0.125 mg/kg and 0.500 mg/kg) on mouse neural and behavioral habituation were assessed. Reliable alterations in concurrent neural (spontaneous and evoked) activity and spontaneous behavioral activity were obtained as the result of training.Neural habituation was characterized by higher frequency, lower amplitude EEG activity, reduced hippocampal theta activity, increased amplitudes in early components of visual evoked responses, and transient increases followed by progressive decreases of late component amplitudes of the visual evoked responses. Behavioral habituation appeared as decreased gross activity and changes in mouse orientation to cogent features of the test chamber.Low strychnine doses (0.125 mg/kg) reliably facilitated habituation to light flashes and produced lessened sensitivity to dishabituation stimuli. High strychnine doses (0.500 mg/kg) disrupted habituation and produced heightened sensitivity to dishabituation stimuli.The results were accommodated by a modified dualprocess theory of habituation; single process views of habituation were inadequate. The significance of these results to drug facilitation was discussed in terms of optimal arousal and the mediation of pro-and retroactive influences on learning. The characterization of processes underlying memory storage seems amenable to further clarification using CNS stimulants known to operate on such processes.Many central nervous system (CNS) stimulants have been useful tools in the investigation of memory storage processes [32]. Appropriately selected doses of these stimulants have allowed the experimental facilitation or disruption of memory storage processes [34]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Strychnine sulfate, for instance, produces diminishing amounts of facilitation as the time between drug treatment and the end of training trials is progressively lengthened to 30 minutes [33]. Such effects suggest that CNS stimulants possess some rather intimate associations with those neural processes underlying memory storage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Facilitated habituation: Strychnine dose-response effects on neural and behavioral habituation

Andry

Luttges

1971

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“…Two groups received strychnine 5 min after training (05), two received strychnine 120 min after training (0120), and two received saline 5 min after training (N). The 5-and 120-min training-strychnine injection intervals were selected so as to be well within and well outside, respectively, the range of intervals shown to produce memory facilitation (McGaugh & Krivanek, 1970;McGaugh, Thomson, Westbrook, & Hudspeth, 1962). Fifteen minutes prior to testing, one group in each condition received an injection of strychnine (0) and the other group received saline (N).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the magnitude of facilitation has been shown to decline as the interval between the end of training and the administration of strychnine increases (e.g., Gordon, 1977;McGaugh & Krivanek, 1970). The generally accepted interpretation of such findings is that the posttrial administration of strychnine enhances the memory of prior training by facilitating the transition of the memory trace from a labile, temporary state to a static, permanent state, a process referred to as consolidation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Posttrial injections of strychnine sulfate: Facilitation of consolidation or retrieval?

Leccese

Grant

1980

Animal Learning & Behavior

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The existing literature demonstrating that animals given strychnine sulfate shortly after training display enhanced retention 24 h later can be interpreted in terms of either consolidation or retrieval processes. A test between these two interpretations failed to support the consolidation interpretation, but did support the retrieval interpretation. It was concluded that (a)a retrieval model provides an adequate interpretation of the facilitation of retention resulting from posttrial injections of strychnine, and (b) an unambiguous demonstration that strychnine enhances processes of consolidation has yet to be offered.

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“…First, performance can be impaired by amnesic treatments, such as electroconvulsive shock (Duncan 1949), protein synthesis inhibitors (PSIs) (Flexner et al 1965), or by new learning (Gordon and Spear 1973). Second, retention can be enhanced by administration of certain compounds, such as strychnine (McGaugh and Krivanek 1970). Crucially, these manipulations are only effective when administered shortly after new learning, but not when given after a few hours.…”

Section: Consolidation: the Dominant Model Of Memory Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsolidation and the Dynamic Nature of Memory

Nader¹

2015

Novel Mechanisms of Memory

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Memory reconsolidation is the process in which reactivated long-term memory (LTM) becomes transiently sensitive to amnesic agents that are effective at consolidation. The phenomenon was first described more than 50 years ago but did not fit the dominant paradigm that posited that consolidation takes place only once per LTM item. Research on reconsolidation was revitalized only more than a decade ago with the demonstration of reconsolidation in a well-defined behavioral protocol (auditory fear conditioning in the rat) subserved by an identified brain circuit (basolateral amygdala). Since then, reconsolidation has been shown in many studies over a range of species, tasks, and amnesic agents, and cellular and molecular correlates of reconsolidation have also been identified. In this review, I will first define the evidence on which reconsolidation is based, and proceed to discuss some of the conceptual issues facing the field in determining when reconsolidation does and does not occur. Last, I will refer to the potential clinical implications of reconsolidation.

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Strychnine effects on discrimination learning in mice: Effects of dose and time of administration

Cited by 61 publications

References 23 publications

Facilitated habituation: Strychnine dose-response effects on neural and behavioral habituation

Facilitated habituation: Strychnine dose-response effects on neural and behavioral habituation

Posttrial injections of strychnine sulfate: Facilitation of consolidation or retrieval?

Reconsolidation and the Dynamic Nature of Memory

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