Struvite precipitation in anaerobic swine lagoon liquid: effect of pH and Mg:P ratio and determination of rate constant

Nelson, Nathan O.; Mikkelsen, Robert L.; Hesterberg, Dean

doi:10.1016/s0960-8524(03)00076-2

Cited by 380 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…If ammonia is removed from the lagoon wastewater prior to chlorination, the disinfection efficiency may be greatly improved because free chlorine has a much stronger disinfection potential than monochloramine. One potential mechanism of ammonia removal is the precipitation of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate, MgNH 4 PO 4 Á 6H 2 O), a promising technology for both N and P removal from anaerobic swine lagoon effluent (Nelson et al, 2003). In addition, the retention time of the swine wastewater is as long as several months due to the small flow rate of the wastes into the anaerobic lagoons, as informed by the CAFOs operators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection of swine wastewater using chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone

et al. 2006

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Swine wastewater Chlorine Ultraviolet light Ozone A B S T R A C TVeterinary antibiotics are widely used at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) to prevent disease and promote growth of livestock. However, the majority of antibiotics are excreted from animals in urine, feces, and manure. Consequently, the lagoons used to store these wastes can act as reservoirs of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.There is currently no regulation or control of these systems to prevent the spread of these bacteria and their genes for antibiotic resistance into other environments. This study was conducted to determine the disinfection potential of chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone against swine lagoon bacteria. Results indicate that a chlorine dose of 30 mg/L could achieve a 2.2-3.4 log bacteria reduction in lagoon samples. However, increasing the dose of chlorine did not significantly enhance the disinfection activity due to the presence of chlorine-resistant bacteria. The chlorine resistant bacteria were identified to be closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. A significant percentage of lagoon bacteria were not susceptible to the four selected antibiotics: chlortetracycline, lincomycin, sulfamethazine and tetracycline (TET). However, the presence of both chlorine and TET could inactivate all bacteria in one lagoon sample. The disinfection potential of UV irradiation and ozone was also examined. Ultraviolet light was an effective bacterial disinfectant, but was unlikely to be economically viable due to its high energy requirements. At an ozone dose of 100 mg/L, the bacteria inactivation efficiency could reach 3.3À3.9 log.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection of swine wastewater using chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone

et al. 2006

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“…P recovery efficiency is generally high and often >90% (Table 1) with municipal wastewater averaging 95% (Pastor et al, 2010;Uysal et al, 2010) and landfill leachate (Iaconi et al, 2010), human urine (Ganrot et al, 2007) and carmine dye industry (Chimenos et al, 2003) wastewater processes reporting 100% recovery. Struvite also captures NH 4 + with recovery efficiency as high as 98% for municipal wastewater and semiconductor wastewater (Suschka and Poplawski, 2003;Kim et al, 2009 (Demirer et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2010;Shen et al, 2011), swine manure (Burns et al, 2001(Burns et al, , 2003Nelson et al, 2003;Suzuki et al, 2007;Perera et al, 2007;Ryu and Lee, 2010;Liu et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012), poultry manure (Yetilmezsoy et al, 2009) and cattle urine (Prabhu and Mutnuri, 2014 The high P content of manure makes it a suitable source, however its available P fraction remains only in the range of 35% (poultry manure) to 63% (dairy manure) of total P (Barnett, 1994). P predominantly present in particulate form remains unavailable for recovery (Sharpley and Moyer, 2000;Chapuis-Lardy et al, 2003).…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Struvite by mass is 44% crystal water, 39% phosphate, 10% magnesium, and 7% ammonium (Gell et al, 2011) and its precipitation requires the presence of three ionic species, magnesium (Mg ) in an alkaline solution with an optimum molar ratio of 1:1:1 (Rahaman et al, 2008). The factors that govern the precipitation of struvite in P-rich sources include: pH, the ionic strength of solution (Nelson et al, 2003), the presence of impurities or non-participating ions (Le Corre, 2007), the mixing energy (Wang et al, 2006), the residence time of suspension during crystallization and the nature of the reactor used for crystallization (Koralewska et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phosphorus recovery as struvite from farm, municipal and industrial waste: Feedstock suitability, methods and pre-treatments

et al. 2016

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Global population growth requires intensification of agriculture, for which a sustainable supply of phosphorus (P) is essential. Since natural P reserves are diminishing, recovering P from wastes and residues is an increasingly attractive prospect, particularly as technical and economic potential in the area is growing. In addition to providing phosphorus for agricultural use, stripping P from waste residues and effluents lessens their nutrient loading prior to disposal. This paper critically reviews published methods for P recovery from waste streams (municipal, farm and industrial) with emphasis on struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 6H 2 O) crystallization, including pretreatments to maximize recovery. Based on compositional parameters of a range of wastes, a Feedstock Suitability Index (FSI) was developed as a guide to inform *Manuscript Click here to view linked References researchers and operators of the relative potential for struivite production from each waste.

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“…The characteristics of struvite product were observed by SEM (JEOL JSM 6510), XRD (Shimadzu XRD 600), and FTIR (Shimadzu IR Prestige21). In order to study the mechanism of struvite formation, the first-order kinetic model was used to the experimental results as per method proposed by Rahman et al [13], Nelson et al [14], and Quintana et al [15]. figure 1a, figure 1b, and figure 1c, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium Nitrogen Removal from Urea Fertilizer Plant Wastewater via Struvite Crystal Production

Machdar

Depari

Ulfa

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Elimination of ammonium concentration from urea fertilizer plant wastewater through struvite crystal (NH 4 MgPO 4 .6H 2 O) formation by adding MgCl 2 , KH 2 PO 4 , and KOH were studied. This method of elimination has two benefits, namely, reducing ammonium nitrogen content in the wastewater, as well as production of a valuable material (struvite crystal). Struvite is known as a slow-release fertilizer and less soluble. This report presents the ammonium removal efficiencies during struvite formation. The growth of struvite production under different molar ratios of Mg 3-of 1.2:1:1, 1:1:1.2, and 1:1:1 were evaluated. Each of the molar ratios was treated at the solution pH of 8, 9, and 10. It was found that, the highest ammonium removal efficiency was 94.7% at the molar ratio of 1.2:1:1 and pH of 9. Primarily, the growth rate of struvite formation complied with a first-order kinetic model. The rate constants (k 1 ) were calculated to be 2.6, 4.3, and 5.0 h -1 for solution pH of 8, 9, and 10, respectively. The findings of the study provide suggestion for an alternative sustainable recovery of ammonium nitrogen content in a urea fertilizer plant effluent.

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Struvite precipitation in anaerobic swine lagoon liquid: effect of pH and Mg:P ratio and determination of rate constant

Cited by 380 publications

References 17 publications

Disinfection of swine wastewater using chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone

Disinfection of swine wastewater using chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone

Phosphorus recovery as struvite from farm, municipal and industrial waste: Feedstock suitability, methods and pre-treatments

Ammonium Nitrogen Removal from Urea Fertilizer Plant Wastewater via Struvite Crystal Production

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