Structures and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body and the growing culture of mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum.

Sone, Yoshitsugu; Okuda, Reiko; Wada, Noriko; Kishida, Etsu; Misaki, Akira

doi:10.1271/bbb1961.49.2641

Cited by 118 publications

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“…Antitumor effects of polysaccharides isolated from G. lucidum were originally observed in sarcoma 180 bearing mice (Miyazaki and Nishijima, 1981; Sone et al, 1985). Recently, the antitumor effects of G. lucidum polysaccharides have been extensively investigated and were mainly through immune-related mechanisms (Xia et al, 1989; Sakagami et al, 1991; Wang et al, 1997, 2002; Hu and Lin, 1999; Yan et al, 1999; Zhang and Lin, 1999; Hsu et al, 2002, 2003; Wasser, 2002; Lee et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Broken-Spore of Ganoderma lucidum

Wang¹,

Xiao-ling²,

Lin³

2012

Front. Pharmacol.

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The antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of broken-spore of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-BSP) were investigated in vivo and in vitro. It was showed that Gl-BSP (50, 100, and 200 mg kg−1) exhibited antitumor effect against Sarcoma 180 (S180) in BALB/c mice. The Gl-BSP was not cytotoxicity in S180 cells and PG cells (human lung carcinoma cell) in vitro. However, serum from Gl-BSP-treated S180-bearing mice significantly inhibited S180 and PG cells proliferation in vitro. Moreover, Gl-BSP promoted the splenic lymphocyte proliferation induced by Con A or LPS, enhanced nature killer cell (NK cell) cytotoxic activity, augmented the percentage of neutral red phagocytosis by macrophages, and increased the percentage of the CD4+ or CD8+ subset in S180-bearing mice. The serum level of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and nitric oxide was increased by Gl-BSP. Gl-BSP also showed immunomodulatory activities in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, neutralization with anti-TNF-α and/or anti-IFN-γ significantly diminished growth inhibition induced by Gl-BSP-treated serum of S180-bearing mice in S180 or PG cells. These observations suggest that the antitumor activity of Gl-BSP may be mainly related to the activation of the immune response of the host organism by the stimulation of NK cells, T cells, and macrophages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Broken-Spore of Ganoderma lucidum

Wang¹,

Xiao-ling²,

Lin³

2012

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…While Ganoderma is traditionally used to increase the resistance of the body immune system to pathogens and to restore normal body functions, the herb has now also been used to decrease the side effects of Western medical procedures, such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy which often weaken the immune system. The anti-cancer/immunomodulatory effects of Ganoderma were associated with triterpenes [47], polysaccharides [48,49] or immunomodulatory proteins [50] through mechanisms involving inhibition of DNA polymerase [51], inhibition of post-translational modification of the Ras oncoprotein [52] or the stimulation of cytokine production [53]. Recent studies on the immunomodulatory activities of Ganoderma indicated that Ganoderma extract stimulated the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and raised the levels of mRNAs encoding Th1 and Th2 cytokines in these cells [54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of ATP generation capacity, antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory activities by Chinese Yang and Yin tonifying herbs

Leung

2007

Chin Med

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Chinese tonifying herbs such as Herba Cistanche, Ganoderma and Cordyceps, which possess antioxidant and/or immunomodulatory activities, can be useful in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. Pharmacological studies on Yang and Yin tonifying herbs suggest that Yang tonifying herbs stimulate mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, presumably through the intermediacy of reactive oxidant species, leading to the enhancement of cellular/mitochondrial antioxidant status. Yin tonifying herbs, however, apart from possessing antioxidant properties, exert mainly immunomodulatory functions that may boost a weak immune system and may also suppress overreactive immune responses. The abilities of Yang and Yin Chinese tonifying herbs to enhance ATP generation and to exhibit antioxidant and/or immunomodulatory actions are the pharmacological basis for their beneficial effects on the retardation of aging.

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“…In addition to studying the differentiation of fungi, G. lucidum mycelium is also a suitable material for studying the synthesis of bioactive compounds. It is known that polysaccharides produced by G. lucidum mycelium cultivated for 30 days show relatively high biological activities against tumor cells [2]; G. lucidum mycelium also produces triterpenoids after being cultivated for 18 days (unpublished data by Dr. Ming-Shi Shiao). It is expected that the genes involved in the pathways responsible for the generation of these compounds would be expressed over this period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past decades, substantial scientific evidence has accumulated to support the medicinal effects of G. lucidum . For example, polysaccharides extracts from G. lucidum have been shown to modulate mouse immunity and to help fight against cancers [2]. Certain triterpenoids and steroids from G. lucidum have also been found to have novel biological activities and pharmacological functions including antitumor cytotoxicity [1] and the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and Analysis of the Expressed Sequence Tags from the Mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum

Huang¹,

Wu³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a medicinal mushroom renowned in East Asia for its potential biological effects. To enable a systematic exploration of the genes associated with the various phenotypes of the fungus, the genome consortium of G. lucidum has carried out an expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing project. Using a Sanger sequencing based approach, 47,285 ESTs were obtained from in vitro cultures of G. lucidum mycelium of various durations. These ESTs were further clustered and merged into 7,774 non-redundant expressed loci. The features of these expressed contigs were explored in terms of over-representation, alternative splicing, and natural antisense transcripts. Our results provide an invaluable information resource for exploring the G. lucidum transcriptome and its regulation. Many cases of the genes over-represented in fast-growing dikaryotic mycelium are closely related to growth, such as cell wall and bioactive compound synthesis. In addition, the EST-genome alignments containing putative cassette exons and retained introns were manually curated and then used to make inferences about the predominating splice-site recognition mechanism of G. lucidum. Moreover, a number of putative antisense transcripts have been pinpointed, from which we noticed that two cases are likely to reveal hitherto undiscovered biological pathways. To allow users to access the data and the initial analysis of the results of this project, a dedicated web site has been created at http://csb2.ym.edu.tw/est/.

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Structures and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body and the growing culture of mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum.

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Broken-Spore of Ganoderma lucidum

Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Broken-Spore of Ganoderma lucidum

Enhancement of ATP generation capacity, antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory activities by Chinese Yang and Yin tonifying herbs

Generation and Analysis of the Expressed Sequence Tags from the Mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum

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